研究表明，進行適量的體育鍛煉可以降低患癌癥的風險

研究表明，進行適量的體育鍛煉可以降低患癌癥的風險

A new study sheds light on one potential health benefit of exercise: a lower risk of certain cancers.

一項新的研究揭示了運動的一個潛在的健康益處:降低患某些癌癥的風險。

The study, published Thursday in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, analyzed data from more than 750.000 adults in the United States, Europe and Australia, and found that recommended amounts of physical activity correlated with lower risks of seven types of cancer, of the 15 types that researchers looked at.

周四發(fā)表在《臨床腫瘤學雜志》上的這項研究分析了來自美國、歐洲和澳大利亞的75萬多名成年人的數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)在研究人員觀察的15種癌癥中，推薦的運動量與降低7種癌癥的風險相關。

These cancer types were colon, breast, kidney, myeloma, liver, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and endometrial.

這些癌癥類型包括結腸癌、乳腺癌、腎癌、骨髓瘤、肝癌、非霍奇金淋巴瘤和子宮內(nèi)膜癌。

A number of previous studies have come to similar conclusions about physical activity and cancer. In the latest analysis, the researchers dug deeper into the relationships between the amount of physical activity and how much lower the cancer risk became.

之前的一些研究也得出了類似的關于體育活動和癌癥的結論。在最新的分析中，研究人員深入研究了運動量與降低癌癥風險程度之間的關系。

Recommended levels of physical activity showed what could be a range of potential benefits, from a 6-10% lower risk of breast cancer to an 18-27% lower risk of liver cancer.

建議的身體活動水平顯示了一系列潛在的好處，從降低6-10%的乳腺癌風險到降低18-27%的肝癌風險。

With some cancers, most of that reduced risk was seen with the recommended amounts of physical activity. With other cancers, the study found that physical activity well above current recommendations may correlate with the lowest risk levels.

對于某些癌癥，大部分的風險降低是通過推薦的身體活動來實現(xiàn)的。對于其他癌癥，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，遠高于目前建議的身體活動可能與最低風險水平相關。

The authors say this "may reflect important differences in the underlying biologic mechanisms for distinct cancer types."

作者說，這“可能反映了不同癌癥類型潛在生物機制的重要差異”。

US health officials recommend that adults get at least 2½ hours of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise, or a comparable combination of the two per week.

美國衛(wèi)生官員建議成年人每周至少進行兩個半小時的中等強度有氧運動，75分鐘的大強度有氧運動，或每周兩者結合。

The authors note their data come from self-reported physical activity at just one point in time and that the majority of people included were white, which could limit how applicable their findings are more broadly.

作者指出，他們的數(shù)據(jù)只來自于某個時間點上的自我報告的體育活動，而且其中的大多數(shù)人是白人，這可能會限制他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)在更廣的范圍內(nèi)的適用性。

When adjusting for body mass index, or BMI, the link between endometrial cancer and physical activity disappeared. However, this had a "limited effect" on other types of cancer, the authors said. In addition, a significant association for non-Hodgkin lymphoma was seen only in women, and the same was true for colon cancer in men.

在對體重指數(shù)(BMI)進行調(diào)整后，子宮內(nèi)膜癌與身體活動之間的聯(lián)系消失了。然而，作者說，這對其他類型的癌癥有“有限的影響”。此外，非霍奇金淋巴瘤的顯著相關性僅限于女性，而結腸癌在男性中也是如此。

The researchers caution that the study doesn't definitively show that exercise directly causes cancer risk to drop. Health experts say there may be various other factors at play.

研究人員提醒說，這項研究并沒有明確表明鍛煉直接導致癌癥風險下降。健康專家說，可能還有其他各種因素在起作用。

"There is substantial evidence that higher levels of physical activity are linked to lower risks of several cancers," explains the National Cancer Institute. However, "people who are not physically active may differ from active people in ways other than their level of physical activity.

“有大量證據(jù)表明，較高水平的體力活動與較低的患多種癌癥的風險有關，”國家癌癥研究所解釋說。然而，“不運動的人可能與運動的人在身體活動水平以外的其他方面有所不同。

"These other differences, rather than the differences in physical activity, could explain their different cancer risk," according to the institute. "For example, if someone does not feel well, they may not exercise much, and sometimes people do not feel well because they have undiagnosed cancer."

“這些其他的差異，而不是身體活動的差異，可以解釋他們不同的癌癥風險，”該研究所說。“例如，如果有人感覺不舒服，他們可能不太運動，有時人們感覺不舒服是因為他們患有未確診的癌癥。”

A number of other factors have been linked to cancer risk, including smoking, diet and obesity.

其他一些因素也與癌癥風險有關，包括吸煙、飲食和肥胖。

"We know there are many factors that are associated with both obesity and cancer, such as lack of exercise and poor diet," MD Anderson Cancer Center's Dr. George Chang previously told CNN. "How much each of those factors contribute to cancer is less clear."

MD安德森癌癥中心的喬治·張醫(yī)生之前告訴CNN:“我們知道有很多因素都與肥胖和癌癥有關，比如缺乏鍛煉和不良的飲食習慣。”“這些因素在多大程度上導致了癌癥還不太清楚。”