學(xué)習(xí)的三個(gè)階段可以幫助你有效地學(xué)習(xí)

學(xué)習(xí)的三個(gè)階段可以幫助你有效地學(xué)習(xí)

We’re learning every day of our life from the moment we are born. Without realizing it, we’ve been employing at least one of the 3 stages of learning to gain knowledge actually: cognitive learning, associative learning or autonomous learning.

從我們出生的那一刻起，我們每天都在學(xué)習(xí)。在沒(méi)有意識(shí)到的情況下，我們實(shí)際上已經(jīng)至少使用了三個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)階段中的一個(gè)來(lái)獲得知識(shí):認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)、聯(lián)想學(xué)習(xí)或自主學(xué)習(xí)。

Each of these stages of learning is very different from the other. These stages can be taken progressively, where one stage comes before the other, or individually where each is a complete learning methodology on its own. In any situation that involves learning opportunities, a person looking to acquire knowledge makes a subconscious decision to gain it a certain way, based on any one or a combination of the three stages mentioned above.

每個(gè)階段的學(xué)習(xí)都是非常不同的。這些階段可以循序漸進(jìn)地進(jìn)行，一個(gè)階段先于另一個(gè)階段，也可以單獨(dú)進(jìn)行，每個(gè)階段都是一個(gè)完整的學(xué)習(xí)方法。在任何涉及學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)的情況下，尋求獲得知識(shí)的人都會(huì)下意識(shí)地決定以某種方式獲得知識(shí)，這種方式是基于上述三個(gè)階段中的任何一個(gè)階段，或者是上述三個(gè)階段的組合。

If you want to learn faster, it is important that you know which stage of learning you’re currently at and what steps to take next to advance to the next stage of learning.

如果你想學(xué)得更快，重要的是你要知道你現(xiàn)在處于學(xué)習(xí)的哪個(gè)階段，下一步要采取什么步驟才能進(jìn)入下一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)階段。

Stage 1: Cognitive Learning

第一階段:認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)

Cognitive learning works towards developing an overall understanding of skills. It engages students in the learning process, getting them to use their brain more effectively to make new connections from knowledge already stored in their mind. It improves comprehension, helps develop problem solving skills and promotes long-term learning.

認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)有助于培養(yǎng)對(duì)技能的全面理解。它使學(xué)生參與到學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，使他們更有效地使用他們的大腦，從他們頭腦中已經(jīng)儲(chǔ)存的知識(shí)建立新的聯(lián)系。它可以提高理解能力，幫助開發(fā)解決問(wèn)題的技能，并促進(jìn)長(zhǎng)期學(xué)習(xí)。

This can also be considered the first stage of learning where the learner observes and listens and makes connections based on knowledge he has already gained. This knowledge could have been acquired through conscious or subconscious learning.

這也可以被認(rèn)為是學(xué)習(xí)的第一個(gè)階段，學(xué)習(xí)者在這個(gè)階段觀察和傾聽(tīng)，并根據(jù)他已經(jīng)獲得的知識(shí)建立聯(lián)系。這種知識(shí)可以通過(guò)有意識(shí)或潛意識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)獲得。

Knowledge in the cognitive stage can be acquired through any of the following methods:

認(rèn)知階段的知識(shí)可以通過(guò)以下任何一種方法獲得:

Implicit Learning

內(nèi)隱學(xué)習(xí)

This type of learning is retained well over years and is resistant to psychological changes in people. It is better for skill reproduction and is independent of age and IQ.

這種學(xué)習(xí)方式可以保留多年，并且可以抵抗人們心理上的變化。這是更好的技能繁殖，是獨(dú)立的年齡和智商。

Explicit Learning

明確的學(xué)習(xí)

It happens when a person actively seeks out opportunities to learn. This may or may not involve a teacher. This also requires verbal and visual cues.

當(dāng)一個(gè)人積極地尋找學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)時(shí)，它就會(huì)發(fā)生。這可能涉及老師，也可能不涉及老師。這也需要語(yǔ)言和視覺(jué)上的暗示。

Collaborative Learning

協(xié)作學(xué)習(xí)

It is the type of learning most commonly used in educational institutes. It involves varying degrees of collaboration between the learner, the instructor and other students.

它是教育機(jī)構(gòu)最常用的一種學(xué)習(xí)方式。它涉及到學(xué)習(xí)者、教師和其他學(xué)生之間不同程度的合作。

Co-operative Learning

合作學(xué)習(xí)

It is structured in a way that students have to interact with each other and the instructor – where instructions are followed and best skills and qualities are observed and learned.

它的結(jié)構(gòu)是這樣的:學(xué)生之間以及學(xué)生與老師必須相互交流，遵循老師的指示，觀察和學(xué)習(xí)最好的技能和素質(zhì)。

Observational Learning

觀察學(xué)習(xí)

It is an effective learning methodology as it makes learning an enjoyable activity, encourages social interactions, enhances memory and influences mannerisms.

它是一種有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法，因?yàn)樗箤W(xué)習(xí)成為一種愉快的活動(dòng)，鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)互動(dòng)，增強(qiáng)記憶和影響習(xí)慣。

Meaningful Learning

有意義的學(xué)習(xí)

Meaningful learning happens when a concept has been understood fully and is being applied in practice. It is a goal-oriented method of acquiring knowledge, and is the opposite of rote learning.

當(dāng)一個(gè)概念被完全理解并應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生有意義的學(xué)習(xí)。它是一種以目標(biāo)為導(dǎo)向的獲取知識(shí)的方法，是死記硬背的反面。

Stage 2: Associative Learning

第二階段:聯(lián)想學(xué)習(xí)

Associative learning is where the brain is conditioned to learn or modify responses taking into consideration stimuli offered. This type of learning occurs when new and old information can be linked to each other, giving weight to the theory that ideas and experience reinforce each other.

聯(lián)想學(xué)習(xí)是指大腦根據(jù)所提供的刺激條件來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)或修改反應(yīng)。這種類型的學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)生在新信息和舊信息可以相互聯(lián)系的時(shí)候，這就給了思想和經(jīng)驗(yàn)相輔相成的理論以權(quán)重。

Associative learning emphasizes acquiring knowledge from the environment and reinforces optimal behavior. It conditions the brain to expect consequences and make decisions based on these expected outcomes.

聯(lián)想學(xué)習(xí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從環(huán)境中獲取知識(shí)，并強(qiáng)化最佳行為。它使大腦產(chǎn)生預(yù)期結(jié)果的條件，并根據(jù)這些預(yù)期結(jié)果做出決定。

Stage 3: Autonomous Learning

第三階段:自主學(xué)習(xí)

At this stage of learning, learners gain knowledge through independent efforts and develop an ability to inquire and evaluate away from teachers and peers influence. Teachers or mentors here are not the instructors, but facilitators.

在這一學(xué)習(xí)階段，學(xué)習(xí)者通過(guò)自主努力獲得知識(shí)，并發(fā)展了遠(yuǎn)離老師和同伴影響的詢問(wèn)和評(píng)估能力。這里的老師或指導(dǎo)者不是指導(dǎo)者，而是促進(jìn)者。

Learners at this stage have enough knowledge and the power to control their learning. They are looking for sources that will help them make decisions based on their own understanding of the matter.

這個(gè)階段的學(xué)習(xí)者有足夠的知識(shí)和能力來(lái)控制自己的學(xué)習(xí)。他們正在尋找能夠幫助他們根據(jù)自己對(duì)問(wèn)題的理解做出決定的資源。

Also, learners are responsible for setting targets and goals, and making sure their understanding is clear in order to achieve the learning targets.

學(xué)習(xí)者也有責(zé)任設(shè)定目標(biāo)和目的，并確保他們的理解是明確的，以實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。

Autonomous learning motivates learners to learn on their own will. They have the freedom to plan, execute their own learning plan and create strategies to achieve their goals. They are aware of their learning style and can self-evaluate.

這一方法激勵(lì)學(xué)習(xí)者自主學(xué)習(xí)。他們可以自由地計(jì)劃、執(zhí)行自己的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃并制定實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的策略。他們知道自己的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格，并能自我評(píng)估。