研究表明，感冒和流感不會同時襲擊你

研究表明，感冒和流感不會同時襲擊你

Coughing, sneezing and suffering from an achy breaky body? While having the flu is the worst, here's a bit of good news you can take to bed with you: You won't suffer from a cold simultaneously.

咳嗽、打噴嚏、身體疼痛?雖然患流感是最糟糕的情況，但有一個好消息你可以帶著去睡覺:你不會同時患感冒。

That's the conclusion of a new study that analyzed viral test results of more than 44,000 patients in Glasgow, Scotland, between 2005 and 2013. The study was published Monday in the journal for the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

這是一項新的研究得出的結(jié)論，該研究分析了2005年至2013年蘇格蘭格拉斯哥44,000多名患者的病毒檢測結(jié)果。這項研究周一發(fā)表在《美國國家科學(xué)院院刊》雜志上。

"It was clear that flu and rhinovirus -- which causes the common cold -- interact in a negative way," said study author Dr. Pablo Murcia of the University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research. "When there is a lot of flu in the population, there is little rhinovirus, and vice versa."

研究報告的撰寫者、格拉斯哥大學(xué)病毒研究中心的帕布羅·穆爾西亞博士說:“很明顯，流感病毒和感冒病毒——也就是導(dǎo)致普通感冒的病毒——是以一種消極的方式相互作用的。”“當(dāng)人群中出現(xiàn)大量流感病毒時，感冒病毒就很少，反之亦然。”

The finding might explain why colds and flu tend to have different seasonal peaks, which are repeated statistically each year, said lead author Sema Nickbakhsh, a postdoctoral research associate at Glasgow University's Centre for Virus Research.

研究報告的主要撰寫人、格拉斯哥大學(xué)病毒研究中心的博士后塞瑪•尼克巴克什說，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)或許可以解釋為什么感冒和流感往往有不同的季節(jié)性高峰，而這些季節(jié)性高峰每年都在統(tǒng)計上重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

"The cold virus declines at the time that flu peaks each winter, and that happens every single year," Nickbakhshs said, adding that cold viruses tend to peak in the spring and autumn when flu declines.

尼克巴克什說:“感冒病毒的數(shù)量在每年冬天流感高峰期時減少，這種情況每年都會發(fā)生。”他補充說，感冒病毒往往在流感下降的春秋兩季達到高峰。

Each person in the study was tested for 11 different cold and flu viruses, thus allowing researchers to show the association occurred on both an individual level and the broader population level as well.

研究人員對參與研究的每個人進行了11種不同的感冒和流感病毒的測試，從而使研究人員能夠證明，這種關(guān)聯(lián)既存在于個體層面，也存在于更廣泛的人群層面。

"It's very interesting if true," said Dr. William Schaffner, a professor in Vanderbilt University's Division of Infectious Diseases.

范德比爾特大學(xué)傳染病學(xué)系教授威廉·沙夫納博士說，“如果這是真的，那就非常有趣了。”

"I think what they're saying is virus number one initiates an inflammatory response which then acts as a barrier to the second virus," Schaffner said. "I think there are also some data to suggest that's two viruses cannot simultaneously infect the same cell."

沙夫納說:“我認為他們的意思是，第一種病毒引發(fā)炎癥反應(yīng)，然后作為第二種病毒的屏障。”“我認為也有一些數(shù)據(jù)表明，兩種病毒不能同時感染同一個細胞。”

Virus basics

病毒的基本知識

Viruses are parasites that must infect an individual's cells in order to replicate and be maintained in the environment. Some affect a broad number of cells within humans (and animals), and some have predilections for certain parts of the body.

病毒是一種寄生蟲，必須感染一個人的細胞才能在環(huán)境中復(fù)制和維持。有些影響人類(和動物)體內(nèi)的大量細胞，有些對身體的某些部位有偏好。

The polio virus, for example, tends to like intestinal cells because they are more receptive to invasion. Bronchitis and pneumonia find it easier to infect the lower respiratory areas of the lung. Influenza and cold viruses are drawn to the cells in the upper respiratory track, such as the nose and throat, which make them particularly easy to spread.

例如，脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病毒傾向于喜歡腸道細胞，因為它們更容易入侵。支氣管炎和肺炎更容易感染肺部的下呼吸道。流感和感冒病毒被吸引到上呼吸道的細胞，如鼻子和喉嚨，這使它們特別容易傳播。

"There are times when one viral infection may be so apparent, shall we say, that it actually acts as a barrier to your getting a second," Schaffner said. "We're just beginning to find out whether this is virus specific or whether it has more to do with the intensity of the infection."

沙夫納說:“有時候，一種病毒的感染是如此明顯，我們可以說，它實際上會成為你感染第二種病毒的障礙。”“我們只是剛剛開始發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是病毒特異性的，還是與感染的強度有更大的關(guān)系。”

Interestingly, a person can become a carrier for a virus without being sick themselves, he explained, which can lead to some disturbing, but common, scenarios.

他解釋說，有趣的是，一個人可以在自己沒有生病的情況下成為病毒的攜帶者，這可能會導(dǎo)致一些令人不安但很常見的情況。

More research needed

需要更多的研究

The Glasgow study found a number of virus that had both negative and positive impacts on each other, but only at the broader population level. Why that occurs isn't clear.

格拉斯哥大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些病毒對彼此既有積極影響，也有消極影響，但只在更廣泛的人群中存在。這種情況發(fā)生的原因尚不清楚。