圣誕節(jié)鳥類計數(shù)從12月14日開始

圣誕節(jié)鳥類計數(shù)從12月14日開始

The 120th annual Christmas Bird Count or CBC begins Dec. 14, and scientists are relying on more than 70,000 volunteers to help them gather data about birds across the Western Hemisphere.

第120屆年度圣誕鳥類統(tǒng)計(CBC)于12月14日開始，科學(xué)家們正依靠7萬多名志愿者幫助他們收集有關(guān)西半球鳥類的數(shù)據(jù)。

Each year, Audubon mobilizes experienced bird-watchers and amateurs alike to participate in the world's longest running citizen-science survey.

每年，奧杜邦都會動員經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的鳥類觀察者和業(yè)余愛好者參加世界上持續(xù)時間最長的公民科學(xué)調(diào)查。

In last year's count, red-breasted nuthatches were found in large numbers, far from their normal range. (Photo: Megumi Aita/Audubon Photography Awards)

The CBC helps ornithologists study the fluctuation, range and movement of bird populations across the continent, enabling them to better understand how bird species are faring.

CBC幫助鳥類學(xué)家研究整個大陸鳥類種群的波動、范圍和移動，使他們更好地了解鳥類物種的生存狀況。

Audubon scientists have analyzed 30 years of climate data and tens of thousands of CBC bird observations to study how climate change affects bird populations.

奧杜邦的科學(xué)家分析了30年的氣候數(shù)據(jù)和成千上萬的CBC鳥類觀察數(shù)據(jù)，以研究氣候變化如何影響鳥類數(shù)量。

A September study published in the journal Science found that nearly 3 billion birds have disappeared on the continent since 1970. And an October Audubon report found that two-thirds of birds in North America are at risk due to warming temperatures and human impact on the planet.

9月份發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》(Science)雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自1970年以來，非洲大陸上已經(jīng)有近30億只鳥類消失。一份10月份的奧杜邦報告發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于全球變暖和人類對地球的影響，北美三分之二的鳥類正處于危險之中。

Information gathered from the CBC will help scientists pinpoint priority areas for conservation efforts. New this year, volunteers are also being asked to upload photos and short anecdotes during the bird count in real time.

從CBC收集的信息將幫助科學(xué)家確定保護(hù)工作的優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域。今年，志愿者還被要求實(shí)時上傳鳥類統(tǒng)計期間的照片和趣聞軼事。

"The Christmas Bird Count is a great tradition and opportunity for everyone to be a part of 120 years of ongoing community science," said Geoff LeBaron, Audubon’s Christmas Bird Count director, in a news release. "Adding your observations to twelve decades of data helps scientists and conservationists discover trends that make our work more impactful. Participating in the Christmas Bird Count is a fun and meaningful way to spend a winter day for anyone and everyone."

奧杜邦公司的圣誕鳥類統(tǒng)計主管杰夫·勒巴倫在新聞發(fā)布會上說:“圣誕鳥類統(tǒng)計是一個偉大的傳統(tǒng)，也是讓每個人都參與到120年來一直在進(jìn)行的社區(qū)科學(xué)研究中的機(jī)會。”“將你的觀察加入到12年的數(shù)據(jù)中，可以幫助科學(xué)家和環(huán)保人士發(fā)現(xiàn)使我們的工作更具影響力的趨勢。參加圣誕節(jié)鳥類計數(shù)活動對任何人來說都是一個有趣而有意義的度過冬日的方式。”

Last year's findings

去年的調(diào)查結(jié)果

Bird-watchers can keep an eye out for the declining northern bobwhite, the only native quail in the eastern U.S. (Photo: Steve Maslowski/USFWS [CC BY 2.0]/Flickr)

For the 2018 count, 79,425 observers tallied more than 48.6 million birds belonging to 2,638 species.

在2018年的統(tǒng)計中，79,425名觀察員統(tǒng)計了2,638個物種的4860多萬只鳥類。

Although the number of human participants was at a record high, the total numbers of birds tallied over the past 33 CBC seasons has dropped dramatically. In 2018, it was 10 to 20 million birds short of the average numbers counted through the past 20 seasons.

盡管人類參與的數(shù)量創(chuàng)歷史新高，但過去33個CBC季節(jié)的鳥類總數(shù)卻急劇下降。2018年，比過去20個季節(jié)的平均數(shù)量少了1000萬到2000萬只。

"For years it has been mentioned in the annual Christmas Bird Count summaries that we shouldn't worry too much about the total number of birds each season, as it can vary tremendously depending upon whether winter roosts of blackbirds, crows, or robins happen to be within count circles," LeBaron writes.. "But still, especially in light of the recent paper published this fall about diminishing numbers of birds across the continent, this disturbing trend deserves some future analyses."

勒巴倫寫道:“多年來，在每年的圣誕鳥類統(tǒng)計總結(jié)中都提到，我們不應(yīng)該過于擔(dān)心每個季節(jié)的鳥類總數(shù)，因?yàn)樗赡軙O大地變化，這取決于冬季棲息的黑鳥、烏鴉或知更鳥是否恰好在統(tǒng)計范圍內(nèi)。”“但是，特別是考慮到今年秋天發(fā)表的關(guān)于整個非洲大陸鳥類數(shù)量減少的論文，這種令人不安的趨勢值得未來進(jìn)行一些分析。”

Newly spotted for the U.S. in 2018 was a great black hawk near Portland, Maine, and a little stint in San Diego. A fish crow in Hamilton, Ontario, was a new addition to the all-time Canadian species list.

2018年美國最新發(fā)現(xiàn)的是緬因州波特蘭附近的一只大黑鷹，以及在圣地亞哥的短暫停留。安大略漢密爾頓的一只烏鴉是加拿大歷史上物種名單上的新成員。

Researchers found that the northern bobwhite, the only native quail in the eastern U.S., continues its downward spiral. Due to loss of habitat exacerbated by droughts, the species faces massive declines. However, red-breasted nuthatches and purple finches had major irruptions and were found in large numbers far from their normal ranges.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，北美山齒鶉是美國東部唯一的本土鵪鶉，它的下行螺旋仍在繼續(xù)。由于干旱加劇了棲息地的喪失，該物種面臨著大規(guī)模的衰退。然而，紅胸裸胸草雀和紫斑胸草雀有大量的入侵，而且發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出正常范圍。

The Christmas Bird Count runs through Jan. 5. For more information , visit Audubon's website.

圣誕節(jié)鳥類統(tǒng)計將持續(xù)到1月5日。更多信息，請訪問奧杜邦的網(wǎng)站。