多少糖才合適?論文的發(fā)表引起了爭論

多少糖才合適?論文的發(fā)表引起了爭論

How many spoonfuls of sugar can you have in a day? The World Health Organization advises no more than about 6 teaspoons of added sugar -- less than a can of soda. The same recommendation was made for children in a study published in the journal Circulation in August.

你一天能吃多少匙糖？世界衛(wèi)生組織建議添加糖不超過6茶匙-比一罐蘇打水（的含糖量）還少。8月份發(fā)表在《循環(huán)》雜志上的一項研究中，對兒童也提出了同樣的建議。

The US government put a limit on sugar for the first time in its 2015 dietary guidelines, recommending that added sugar should make up no more than 10% of your daily calories. For a 2,000-calorie-a-day diet, that would be 12 teaspoons.

美國政府在2015年的《膳食指南》中首次對糖的攝入量進(jìn)行了限制，建議添加糖的攝入量不應(yīng)超過每日卡路里攝入量的10%。對于每天2000卡路里的飲食，那就是12匙。

Now, a review paper published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine on Monday suggests that such guidelines might be wrong, saying they are based on low-quality evidence.

如今，周一發(fā)表在《內(nèi)科學(xué)年鑒》雜志上的一篇綜述文章指出，這些指導(dǎo)方針可能是錯誤的，它們的證據(jù)是低質(zhì)量的。

Current guidelines on dietary sugar fail to adhere to standards made by the American nongovernmental organization Institute of Medicine in 2011, said Bradley Johnston, a scientist at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children and an assistant professor in the department of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics at McMaster University in Canada. He was the senior corresponding author of the new paper.

加拿大麥克馬斯特大學(xué)臨床流行病學(xué)和生物統(tǒng)計學(xué)系助理教授、多倫多病童醫(yī)院科學(xué)家布拉德利·約翰斯頓表示，目前關(guān)于膳食糖的指導(dǎo)方針未能遵守美國非政府組織醫(yī)學(xué)研究所2011年制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。他是這篇新論文的高級通訊作者。

"Although our findings question the specific sugar recommendations from guidelines produced by leading authorities, the findings should not be used to justify high or increased consumption of sugary foods and beverages," Johnston said.

約翰斯頓說:“雖然我們的研究結(jié)果對權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)制定的指導(dǎo)方針中的具體糖分建議提出了質(zhì)疑，但這些發(fā)現(xiàn)不應(yīng)被用來證明高糖或增加攝入含糖食品和飲料是合理的。”

'Guideline recommendations have to do a better job'

“指導(dǎo)性建議必須做得更好”

For the paper, Johnston and his colleagues reviewed nine separate guidelines on sugar made by health authorities from around the world between 1995 and 2016.

為了撰寫這篇論文，約翰斯頓和他的同事們審查了1995年至2016年期間世界各地衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局制定的9個單獨的食糖指南。

The researchers used two separate methods frequently employed in studies to rate the guidelines for trustworthiness and to assess their quality of evidence.

研究人員使用了研究中經(jīng)常使用的兩種不同的方法來對指導(dǎo)方針的可信度進(jìn)行評級，并評估其證據(jù)質(zhì)量。

Using one of the methods, the researchers found that, for otherwise healthy members of the public, the overall quality of evidence to support recommendations made in the guidelines was low to very low.

通過使用其中一種方法，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于原本健康的公眾來說，支持指南中提出的建議的證據(jù)的整體質(zhì)量很低，甚至非常低。

According to the other method, the quality of the development of the guidelines was moderate, the researchers found. "That is, guideline recommendations have to do a better job of assessing the quality of evidence underpinning their recommendations and be more transparent on what the quality of the evidence actually is," Johnston said.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，根據(jù)另一種方法，指南的制定質(zhì)量是中等的。約翰斯頓說：“也就是說，指南建議必須更好地評估支持其建議的證據(jù)的質(zhì)量，并在證據(jù)的實際質(zhì)量方面更加透明。”

A war against diabetes

對抗糖尿病的戰(zhàn)爭

Although all of the reviewed guidelines in the paper recommended a decrease in sugar consumption, "the rationale and evidence used to make each recommendation were inconsistent," the researchers wrote.

研究人員寫道，盡管論文中所有經(jīng)過審查的指南都建議減少糖的消耗，但“提出每個建議的理由和證據(jù)是不一致的”。

But since the researchers reviewed guidelines published over a 20-year period, Schillinger said, they were likely to find inconsistencies. "It is widely known that science evolves over time," Schillinger said.

但是，席林格說，由于研究人員審查了20年來發(fā)布的指南，他們很可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)不一致的地方。“眾所周知，科學(xué)是隨著時間而發(fā)展的，”席林格說。

"We are in a public health war against diabetes, and we need to create smart strategies to win this war and prevent needless suffering and death. This is serious business," he said.

“我們正在與糖尿病進(jìn)行一場公共衛(wèi)生戰(zhàn)爭，我們需要制定明智的策略來贏得這場戰(zhàn)爭，防止不必要的痛苦和死亡。這是一件嚴(yán)肅的事情。”

"It is time we fought a home-front war against diabetes," he said.

他說:“現(xiàn)在是我們在國內(nèi)抗擊糖尿病的時候了。”

Schillinger added that he stands by current governmental guidelines recommending that added sugar should not exceed between 5% and 10% of your daily calories.

席林格補(bǔ)充說，他堅持現(xiàn)行的政府指導(dǎo)方針，建議添加的糖分不應(yīng)超過每日熱量的5%到10%。

"Were the public to believe and follow such guidelines, this would mean that profits for junk food companies would fall by half," Schillinger said. "So there is both a lot of money and a lot of lives on the line."

“如果公眾相信并遵循這些指導(dǎo)方針，這將意味著垃圾食品公司的利潤將下降一半，” 席林格說。“因此，既有大量的錢，也有很多人的生命處于危險之中。”