對(duì)早產(chǎn)兒來(lái)說(shuō)，智商是成年后財(cái)富地位的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)

IQ in childhood is a better indicator of adult wealth than maths for very preterm and very low-weight babies, according to a new study in PLOS One by researchers at the University of Warwick and the University of Tennessee. This could change the education system for those with cognitive impairments.

根據(jù)華威大學(xué)和田納西大學(xué)的研究人員在PLOS One上最新發(fā)表的論文，對(duì)于早產(chǎn)兒和體重過(guò)輕的嬰兒，兒童時(shí)期的智商成績(jī)是成年后財(cái)富地位的更好指標(biāo)——指示性高于數(shù)學(xué)能力。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)或許會(huì)改變現(xiàn)有的教育體系，至少會(huì)影響學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的教育方針。

These findings contrast with previous evidence suggesting the specific importance of math skills for economic achievement.

之前有證據(jù)表明，數(shù)學(xué)能力對(duì)個(gè)人未來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)成就有重要的影響;但最新的研究與之形成了鮮明對(duì)比。

The study, 'General Cognitive but Not Mathematic Abilities Predict Very Preterm and Healthy Term Born Adults' Wealth,' followed more than 400 children born in Bavaria, Germany, from birth through adulthood. Of the children in the study, 193 were born very preterm (under 32 weeks gestation) or with very low birth weight (less than 3.3 pounds) and 217 were healthy term babies.

論文名為 《一般認(rèn)知但非數(shù)學(xué)能力足以預(yù)測(cè)早產(chǎn)但健康的嬰兒成年后的財(cái)富成就》，追蹤了400多名出生在德國(guó)巴伐利亞州的嬰兒直到成年。這些兒童中，有193名嚴(yán)重早產(chǎn)(32周以下)或出生體重極低(低于3.3磅)，另外217名是健康足月的嬰兒。

Using standardized tests, psychologists assessed general intelligence and specific maths skills of the children at eight years old. When the subjects reached age 26, information on their income, social benefits, educational qualifications, and career success was summarized into a comprehensive wealth index.

等他們長(zhǎng)到8歲時(shí)，心理學(xué)家使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試評(píng)估了他們的一般智力和特定數(shù)學(xué)技能。當(dāng)受試者達(dá)到26歲時(shí)，參考其收入水平、社會(huì)福利、教育程度和職業(yè)成就的信息，按特定公式計(jì)算出綜合財(cái)富指數(shù)。

The researchers tested whether math abilities or IQ explained the negative consequences of very premature birth on adult wealth. They concluded that IQ was a better predictor of life course economic success.

研究人員想要了解，數(shù)學(xué)能力或智商對(duì)個(gè)人未來(lái)的財(cái)富地位的影響有多大。他們得出結(jié)論，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平而言，智商是生命歷程中更好的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)。

This new research adds to the understanding of long-term outcomes in the lives of children who are born very preterm. As many children demonstrating cognitive impairments attend mainstream schools, it also provides an opportunity to develop strategies for ensuring that they receive best support for their learning progress.

許多表現(xiàn)出認(rèn)知障礙的兒童進(jìn)入了普通學(xué)校，以確保他們獲得必要的教育。

Prof. Dieter Wolke, from the Department of Psychology at the University of Warwick comments:

華威大學(xué)心理學(xué)系的Dieter Wolke教授評(píng)論道：

"No matter whether their difficulties are global or specific, many very preterm and very low birthweight individuals require continued educational support in order to succeed in school and life.

無(wú)論他們表現(xiàn)出的學(xué)習(xí)困難是普遍性的還是具體的，許多嚴(yán)重早產(chǎn)和極低出生體重的孩子都需要接受教育，才能在學(xué)校和生活中取得成功。

Our findings can inform the design of follow-up and intervention services to reduce the burden of prematurity for those individuals who were born at highest neonatal risk."

我們的研究結(jié)果可以為后續(xù)和干預(yù)服務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)提供思路，以減輕早產(chǎn)兒所面臨的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)。

"Considering preterm and low-birthweight individuals' multiple neurocognitive difficulties, our results suggest that IQ is a more significant predictor of adult wealth than the ability to solve specific math problems," said Julia Jaekel, associate professor of child and family studies, who coauthored the study with Nicole Baumann and Dieter Wolke from the University of Warwick and Peter Bartmann from the University of Bonn.

兒童與家庭研究副教授Julia Jaekel補(bǔ)充道：“考慮到早產(chǎn)和低出生體重兒童經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)多重神經(jīng)認(rèn)知困難，我們的研究結(jié)果表明，智商才是財(cái)富水平更重要的預(yù)測(cè)因子，而非解決特定數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題的能力。”