早上的決定最準確哦
Do you make better decisions in the morning or the evening? That might depend on whether you want a quick decision or an accurate one.
你在早上做的決定更優(yōu)，還是晚上?事實上這可能取決于你是要做一個快速的決定，還是一個準確的決定。
Researchers looked at the decision-making behavior of 184 users of the Free Internet Chess Server (FICS) to discover at what time of day players made the best decisions. Chess players — who in this case made around 40 move decisions, in games lasting from three to 15 minutes — are often used in experiments that analyze complex human thinking. The FICS chess game database presented itself as the optimal study tool. With its treasure trove of time-stamped, right and wrong decisions, it allowed researchers to study not just the length of time but also the quality of real-world decision-making behavior at various times of day.
研究人員研究了184位自由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)象棋服務器(FICS)用戶的決策行為，以發(fā)現(xiàn)玩家在一天中的什么時間做出了最好的決定。 在這種情況下，國際象棋選手在持續(xù)3到15分鐘的游戲中做了大約40個動作決定，這些決定常常被用在分析人類復雜思維的實驗中。國際象棋數(shù)據(jù)庫本身就是最佳的研究工具。利用時間戳、正確決策和錯誤決策，研究人員不僅可以研究時間的長短，還可以研究在一天中的不同時間中真實世界決策行為的質量。
The study published in the journal Cognition showed that whether you're a morning person or not, the most accurate decision-making happens on the early side of the day between 8 a.m. and 1 p.m.
這項發(fā)表在《認知》上的研究表明，無論你是否是一個早起的人，在早上8點到下午1點之間做出的決策是最準確的。
However, even though morning decisions were most accurate, those also took the longest to make. And that's a liability in a time-limited chess game. As the day wore on, the chess players' decision-making sped up but accuracy slumped. Ultimately the time of day had no effect on the players' scores, as decision speed and accuracy canceled each other out.
然而，即使早上的決定是最準確的，這些決定也花費了最長的時間。 在一個有時間限制的國際象棋比賽中，耗費時間長無疑是一種負擔 。隨著時間的推移，國際象棋選手的決策速度加快，但準確性大幅下降。這樣決策速度和準確性的利弊相互抵消，一場游戲下來，對玩家的分數(shù)也就沒有什么影響了。
"In some way these two variables are compensating to maintain the performance throughout the day," says the study's lead author, Maria Juliana Leone, a postdoctoral fellow at the Integrated Neuroscience Lab at the Universidad Torcuato Di Tella in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
該研究的主要作者、阿根廷布宜諾斯艾利斯 Torcuato Di Tella大學綜合神經(jīng)科學實驗室的博士后 Maria Juliana Leone 說:"從某種程度上來說，這兩個變量正在相互補償，這樣就讓一天的表現(xiàn)維持了平衡。"
Leone suspected it was more than growing tiredness as a day waned that affected players' speed of decision-making. Groups of players were observed playing more games at certain times than others. She thought the gamers' chronotypes might be playing a role. These are classifications based on which of a day's 24 hours a person chooses for sleep. Subjects were asked to complete a Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire to determine whether they tended to be larks, who prefer to rise early, or owls, who like to sleep late.
Leone 認為，影響棋手做決策時間長短的，不僅僅只有疲勞因素。有幾組玩家在特定時間內玩的次數(shù)比其他人要多。她認為，棋手下棋的時間點也起了一定作用。對棋手的分類，是基于他們每天睡覺的時間而定的。他們每個人都要完成一份“早晚問卷”，這樣研究人員知道他們到底是早起勤奮的百靈鳥，還是愛睡懶覺的貓頭鷹。
Leone's research showed that both larks and owls played the most chess games at about the same hours since awakening. (Even though owls would get started later than larks, the number of games would end up being the same.) Surprisingly, the decision-making pattern was the same for both groups — it got slower as the day progressed. However, the larks slowed down the most.
Leone 的研究表明，無論是“百靈鳥”還是“貓頭鷹”，都能在一定時間內完成最多的棋局(盡管貓頭鷹起步晚于百靈鳥，但完成游戲的數(shù)量最終也會相同)。并且令人驚訝的是，隨著時間的推移，這兩組做決定的速度都變得越來越慢，和之前的結果一樣。但是“百靈鳥”組變慢的最明顯。
So how can we put the findings of this study to concrete use? "If we know that during the morning we are slower but our decisions are more accurate and during the afternoon we know that our decisions will be faster but less accurate, we can decide when to make some important decisions according to what is important for that decision in particular," says Leone, herself a chess champion. "Maybe we need to prioritize the time or the quality. If we need to make a decision faster, maybe it's better to make that decision in the afternoon.
那么我們如何將這項研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)付諸實踐呢?"如果我們知道，在早晨做決定的速度慢，但我們的決定更準確，在下午我們知道我們的決定會更快，但準確度會降低，那么我們就可以根據(jù)決策的重要性來決定什么時候做出一些重要的決定,"自己已經(jīng)是國際象棋冠軍的Leone說。 "我們需要優(yōu)先考慮時間和質量。如果我們需要更快地做出決定，也許最好在下午做出決定。”
Leone took the chronotype questionnaire and found she was halfway between the morning larks and the night owls. She therefore tries to schedule intense work tasks closer to the middle of the day. But with all the daily demands of the work, she hasn't yet managed to divide and schedule her decision-making for optimal results. "It is not easy for me either," she says.
她本身也做了調查問卷，發(fā)現(xiàn)她在屬于兩者之間。因此，她試圖把緊張的工作任務安排在接近中午的時候。 但是，由于每天工作的需要，她還沒有設法合理分配和安排她的決策以獲得最佳結果。"這對我來說也不容易,"她表示。
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