瑪麗·沃斯通克拉夫特：哲學(xué)家與女性主義者

Mary Wollstonecraft — an English philosopher, author and feminist — was born into a financially unstable household with a violent alcoholic father at its helm in London on this day in 1759.

1759年的今天，英國(guó)哲學(xué)家、作家和女權(quán)主義者瑪麗·沃斯通克拉夫特(Mary Wollstonecraft)出生在倫敦一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不穩(wěn)定的家庭，一家之主，也就是她的父親，是一名具有暴力傾向的酒鬼。

Wollstonecraft rejected the notion that women were incapable of reason, and promoted women’s education. And she opposed marriage, which she considered to be a form of slavery.

對(duì)于女性不理性的觀念，沃斯通克拉夫特予以否定，還推廣女性接受教育的觀點(diǎn)。她反對(duì)婚姻，認(rèn)為那是某種形式的奴役。

In the end she did marry — to William Godwin, who is now seen as one of the first modern proponents of anarchism — when she was pregnant with her second child. (Wollstonecraft had a daughter from an affair with an American.)

最后，她還是結(jié)婚了——在懷了第二個(gè)孩子時(shí)，嫁給了威廉姆·戈德溫(William Godwin)，如今他被視為現(xiàn)代支持無(wú)政府主義的第一人。(沃斯通克拉夫特在與一位美國(guó)人的婚外情中有過(guò)一個(gè)女兒。)

Wollstonecraft died at 38, less than two weeks after giving birth to a second daughter, Mary, who would grow up to write “Frankenstein.”

沃斯通克拉夫特38歲去世，去世時(shí)距離生下二女兒瑪麗(Mary)不到兩周時(shí)間。她長(zhǎng)大后寫(xiě)下了《弗蘭肯斯坦》(Frankenstein)。

Among the works for which Wollstonecraft is known are two (angry) public letters: “A Vindication of the Rights of Men” (this was published anonymously in 1790) and “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman,” published in 1792.

沃斯通克拉夫特的著名作品中有兩封(憤怒的)公開(kāi)信：《男權(quán)辯護(hù)》(A Vindication of the Rights of Men，這是在1790年匿名發(fā)表的)和發(fā)表于1792年的《女權(quán)辯護(hù)》(A Vindication of the Rights of Woman)。

Her goal for women: “I do not wish them to have power over men, but over themselves.”

她對(duì)女性的目標(biāo)是：“我不希望她們擁有支配男性的力量，而是要有支配自己的力量。”