最近,你的朋友圈被這些畫刷屏了嗎?這是騰訊公益平臺(tái)中一個(gè)名為“用藝術(shù)點(diǎn)亮生命”的慈善項(xiàng)目。用戶可以在“小朋友畫廊”H5頁(yè)面欣賞并購(gòu)買25位“小朋友”的畫作。
Altogether, 36 works of art were available from artists 11 to 37 years old, and buyers could save a digital copy.
頁(yè)面中總共有36副畫作,作者年齡在11到37歲之間,購(gòu)買者可以將電子畫保存在手機(jī)里。
The works were painted by autistic people and sold via Tencent's charitable platform. Money collected will be donated to a project called "Enlighten life with art", which aims to eliminate social prejudice and help people with disabilities such as autism, cerebral palsy and Down syndrome.
這些畫均由自閉癥患者繪制,并通過(guò)騰訊公益平臺(tái)出售。所得錢款將捐贈(zèng)給“用藝術(shù)點(diǎn)亮生命”項(xiàng)目,該項(xiàng)目旨在消除社會(huì)偏見,幫助有自閉癥、腦癱以及唐氏綜合征等精神障礙的患者。
用戶購(gòu)買畫作后,可以通過(guò)H5給這群特殊的“小朋友”文字留言鼓勵(lì)和支持他們,還能聽到作者的錄音。
Many WeChat users shared their newly bought paintings on their personal pages. Some even changed their phone's wallpaper.
許多微信用戶在朋友圈分享他們新買的畫。有人甚至把它們?cè)O(shè)為手機(jī)壁紙。
騰訊公益稱,用戶每購(gòu)買一副畫,就相當(dāng)于向“用藝術(shù)點(diǎn)亮生命”公益項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行捐贈(zèng)。該項(xiàng)目自8月17日發(fā)起以來(lái),已籌得善款超過(guò)1500萬(wàn)元。
Donations since the project began totaled more than 15 million yuan. About 5.8 million people participated.
該項(xiàng)目自發(fā)起以來(lái)獲得的捐款已經(jīng)超過(guò)1500萬(wàn)元,約有580萬(wàn)人參與其中。
By noon on Tuesday, 2 million people had participated and donated 8.4 million yuan. But the donation page was closed at 4 pm after the target of 15 million yuan was reached.
29日截至中午前,有兩百萬(wàn)人參與活動(dòng),捐款達(dá)840萬(wàn)元。但在實(shí)現(xiàn)1500萬(wàn)元的籌款目標(biāo)后,捐款頁(yè)面于當(dāng)日下午4點(diǎn)關(guān)閉。
這項(xiàng)公益活動(dòng)引發(fā)了巨大的社會(huì)反響,用一種頗具創(chuàng)意的方式喚醒了普通人對(duì)自閉癥患者的關(guān)注。
據(jù)2015年發(fā)布的《中國(guó)自閉癥教育康復(fù)行業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r報(bào)告》顯示,自上世紀(jì)以來(lái),自閉癥在中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了由罕見病到流行病的轉(zhuǎn)變;中國(guó)自閉癥患病率和世界其他國(guó)家相似,約為1%,自閉癥患者已超1000萬(wàn),0到14歲的兒童患者達(dá)200余萬(wàn)。
自閉癥患者被稱為“星星的孩子”,因?yàn)榫拖裉焐系男切且粯?,他們始終活在自己的世界里,獨(dú)自閃爍。他們有視力卻不愿與人對(duì)視,有語(yǔ)言能力卻很難溝通交流,有聽力卻總是充耳不聞,因?yàn)闊o(wú)法與外界接觸而普遍缺乏社會(huì)的理解和關(guān)愛。
與日益龐大的自病癥確診人群相比,對(duì)于自閉癥公眾其實(shí)知之甚少。你知道4月2日是“世界自閉癥日”嗎?自閉癥就是害羞、不愛說(shuō)話嗎?自閉癥可以治愈嗎?自閉癥患者等于天才嗎?如果你愿意走進(jìn)他們的世界,下面這段視頻有助于了解這些問(wèn)題:
自閉癥就是害羞、不愛說(shuō)話嗎?
自閉癥,全名自閉癥譜系障礙(Autism Spectrum Disorder),涵蓋自閉癥和阿斯伯格綜合征,是一組復(fù)雜的腦發(fā)育障礙,體現(xiàn)為社交溝通互動(dòng)能力缺失,以及有限、重復(fù)的興趣和活動(dòng)。
Autism Spectrum Disorder affects how people communicate with and relate to others. This isn't the same as being shy or not knowing what to say.
自閉癥譜系障礙會(huì)影響患者與他人的溝通相處。這和害羞以及不會(huì)聊天無(wú)關(guān)。
Most people with autism don't understand some of the basic social conventions that others take for granted.
普通人會(huì)想當(dāng)然地接受基本的社會(huì)社交習(xí)俗,但是大多數(shù)自閉癥患者卻無(wú)法理解。
They might have trouble making eye contact, holding a conversation, or recognizing gestures.
他們可能無(wú)法進(jìn)行眼神交流、與他人對(duì)話或理解社交手勢(shì)的意義。
Over one-third of people with ASD are nonverbal, meaning they don't use speech.
1/3的自閉癥患者不用語(yǔ)言溝通,也就是說(shuō),他們不會(huì)說(shuō)話。
Along with communication issues, people with autism often like to follow certain patterns or repeated behaviors.
除了交流障礙之外,自閉癥患者還喜歡遵循某種特定的模式或重復(fù)的行為。
Many have a sensitivity to bright light or loud noises, and others have physical problems, like trouble walking or picking up small objects.
許多患者對(duì)強(qiáng)光或噪音敏感,或有其他生理問(wèn)題,比如行動(dòng)或撿東西時(shí)不方便。
自閉癥能治愈嗎?
由于自閉癥的病癥有很多種,沒(méi)有哪兩個(gè)自閉癥患者的情況是相同的,所以過(guò)去他們經(jīng)常被診斷為其他病,比如:阿斯伯格綜合征。這種病的患者會(huì)對(duì)某個(gè)話題尤為著迷,不懂社交動(dòng)作的暗示,或者不理解什么是適當(dāng)?shù)纳缃恍袨椤?/p>
In 2013, the scientists realized that the boundary between Asperger Syndrome and some of the other disorders was fuzzy, so they decided to put them all under one name.
2013年,科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)阿斯伯格綜合征和其他一些精神障礙區(qū)別不大,所以決定將他們歸為一類疾病。
由此一來(lái),確認(rèn)自閉癥就更加容易了,這種歸類意義深遠(yuǎn),因?yàn)樵皆绱_診,患者就能越早得到幫助。
In fact, many children who have autism will show signs by two years old, including not responding to their name, avoiding eye contact and flapping their hands or rocking repeatedly.
事實(shí)上,很多自閉癥患兒在兩歲時(shí)就會(huì)顯露出自閉傾向,比如對(duì)自己的名字沒(méi)有反應(yīng)、避免眼神接觸以及甩手或不停搖擺。
自閉癥診斷年齡平均在5-7歲之間。盡管自閉癥無(wú)法完全治愈,但心理咨詢和藥物治療可以幫助患者進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié),科學(xué)家們也在通過(guò)臨床試驗(yàn)尋找其他療法。
為什么會(huì)得自閉癥?
目前,科學(xué)家們還不清楚自閉癥真正的致病原因。
Autism is over four times more common in boys than girls, and most scientists think genes play a role because it often runs in families.
自閉癥在男孩中的發(fā)病率是女孩的4倍,大多數(shù)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為自閉癥與基因有關(guān),因?yàn)檫@種疾病通常是家族性的。
Some people with ASD have abnormal chromosomes but this can't be the whole story. There are people with the same gene changes who don't have autism.
一些自閉癥患者擁有非正常染色體,但我們不能就此一概而論。因?yàn)橛行碛型瑯臃钦H旧w的人卻沒(méi)有自閉癥。
Other possible causes include having older parents, being exposed to high levels of testosterone in the womb, and having complications during pregnancy or birth.
其他可能的病因包括,胎兒出生時(shí)父母年事過(guò)高,在子宮內(nèi)接觸的睪酮含量過(guò)高,或母親在懷孕生產(chǎn)期間,胎兒出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥。
It may even have something to do with gut bacteria, since many autistic people have gastrointestinal issues.
自閉癥甚至可能和腸道細(xì)菌有關(guān),因?yàn)楹芏嘧蚤]癥患者都有腸胃問(wèn)題。
But mostly, it's a combination of many factors.
但自閉癥主要還是由多項(xiàng)因素導(dǎo)致的。
不是每一個(gè)自閉癥患者都是天才!
自閉癥題材的影視作品不在少數(shù)。電影《雨人》中,主角的哥哥就是一個(gè)擁有超強(qiáng)記憶力的自閉癥患者,《心靈捕手》中沉默寡言的數(shù)學(xué)天才也患有自閉癥……這些形銀屏象似乎讓大眾覺得,自閉癥患者往往在某些方面具有超人的才華,但事實(shí)真的是這樣嗎?
Some have intellectual disabilities, but above half have average or above average IQs.
一些自閉癥患者存在智力問(wèn)題,但一半以上的患者智商處于平均水平,或高于常人。
It's also common for people with autism to have a great long-term memory for certain details, and many excel in math, science, music or arts.
同樣常見地,自閉癥患者會(huì)對(duì)一些細(xì)節(jié)擁有強(qiáng)大的長(zhǎng)期記憶,許多患者尤其擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)、音樂(lè)或藝術(shù)。
但是,自閉癥人群并不必然在某方面有過(guò)人的天賦,很多自閉癥患者并沒(méi)有特殊才能,甚至智商低于常人。這種精神疾病給他們的學(xué)業(yè)、工作、社交帶來(lái)了巨大的負(fù)面影響,限制了他們參與社會(huì)及日?;顒?dòng)的能力。對(duì)于一些輕度自閉癥患者來(lái)說(shuō),他們可以在早期干預(yù)的幫助下找到獨(dú)立生活及工作的方法,但更多的自閉癥患者則終身需要他人照料。
自閉癥的確證率正在逐年提高,但這并不意味著這種病越來(lái)越普及。相反,這是因?yàn)樵絹?lái)越多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到了自閉癥的存在,并盡早得到了確診。提高對(duì)自閉癥的意識(shí)至關(guān)重要,因?yàn)榛颊咴皆绫淮_診,就能越早對(duì)癥治療。更重要的是,對(duì)待自閉癥患者,我們要給予他們與普通人同等的尊重、公平與機(jī)會(huì)。這樣才能幫助他們適應(yīng)社會(huì),健康成長(zhǎng)。