英國七大社會(huì)階層：你是“入不敷出族”還是“高薪族”？

最新調(diào)查顯示，英國的經(jīng)濟(jì)階層可以劃分為七類。沒有固定工作合同的“零時(shí)工”、在創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)工作卻買不起房的“創(chuàng)作族”、職位在十年前幾乎都不存在的“技術(shù)族”……雖然有些人過得不錯(cuò)，但也有些人近些年來薪水沒怎么增長。一起來看看你最接近哪一類吧。

The 1980s had the 'yuppies' and the 'nouveau riche', the 1990s had the 'Mondeo man' and the 2000s had the 'chav'.

上世紀(jì)80年代有“雅皮士”和“暴發(fā)戶”，90年代有“蒙迪歐先生”，本世紀(jì)又出現(xiàn)了“沙韋”。

譯者注： “蒙迪歐先生”(Mondeo man)泛指上世紀(jì)90年代英國中產(chǎn)階級，有自己的房產(chǎn)、有自己經(jīng)營的事業(yè)，還有一輛福特蒙迪歐。

“沙韋”(chav)是本世紀(jì)前十年間，英國媒體用來指代反社會(huì)的青年群體文化的名稱，帶有貶義。《牛津英語詞典》對該詞的解釋是：舉止粗俗無禮，身著正品或仿冒名牌衣服的社會(huì)底層年輕人。

Each decade has its cultural stereotypes and according to new research, there are now seven modern day wealth tribes in Britain.

每個(gè)年代都有其文化定勢，而根據(jù)最新調(diào)查顯示，針對現(xiàn)今英國的經(jīng)濟(jì)階層，有七種文化定勢。

Channel 5 has commissioned The Economist to conduct research into Britain’s wealth divide and they created categories of people that describe 21st-century Britain - so which one do you fall into?

第五頻道請《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》對英國財(cái)富劃分進(jìn)行調(diào)查，他們認(rèn)為，21世紀(jì)的英國人可以分為不同種類，那么你屬于哪類?

The seven categories show that while some people are doing very well for themselves, others have not seen much pay growth in recent years.

這七種類型的劃分表明，雖然有些人過得不錯(cuò)，但也有些人近些年來薪水沒怎么增長。

Silver Spenders:

銀發(fā)消費(fèi)族：

People over the age of 65 who are thriving. Researchers estimate that there are 1.5m silver spenders, with an average household disposable income of £45,000, well above the overall British average of £34,000.

指65歲以上依然活躍的人群。研究人員估計(jì)，英國大約有150萬銀發(fā)消費(fèi)族，他們的平均家庭可支配收入達(dá)4.5萬英鎊(約合39.6萬元人民幣)，遠(yuǎn)高于英國總體平均3.4萬英鎊的水平。

This category encapsulates how old people in Britain have in recent years done much better than young ones. One of the biggest trends in recent years is that pensioners’ incomes have grown much faster than people of working age.

這一群體的出現(xiàn)說明，近年來英國老年人的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況比年輕人要好得多。近年來最明顯的趨勢之一，就是老年人退休收入增長速度遠(yuǎn)超在職人群。

The result is that pensioners have generally seen their living standards rise much faster than working-age households.

這就導(dǎo)致退休老年人生活水平的提升速度普遍高于在職人群家庭。

The Zero Heroes:

零時(shí)工族：

Those stuck on zero-hours contracts, making them feel insecure at work. Researchers estimate that there are nearly 1m zero heroes, with an average hourly salary of £8.50, well below the British average of £12.

這類人群沒有固定工作合同，因而工作時(shí)沒有安全感。調(diào)查人員估計(jì)，英國大約有一百萬人打零工，平均時(shí)薪為8.5英鎊，遠(yuǎn)低于英國平均12英鎊的水平。

In the minds of many Britons, the plight of zero-hour contractors is encapsulated by the idea that someone who has worked hard at school still cannot find a secure job.

對許多英國人來說，零時(shí)工族的不幸是因?yàn)檫@些人都抱著一個(gè)想法：即使有些人刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，也未必能找到安穩(wěn)的工作。

Zero heroes might work in industries like the creative arts; it is common for advertising firms, for instance, to offer zero-hours contracts. They are also common in the hospitality sector in particular, which needs to respond rapidly to fluctuations in demand.

打零工的人可能在創(chuàng)意藝術(shù)這類的行業(yè)工作。比如，廣告公司普遍都會(huì)開出臨時(shí)合同。接待部門的臨時(shí)工尤其普遍，因?yàn)檫@種部門客戶需求波動(dòng)大。

The zero heroes do not earn very much. Based on estimates from the Office for National Statistics, it is estimated that the average zero-hours worker earns roughly 30 percent less than the average employee.

打零工收入并不高。據(jù)英國國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局估算，臨時(shí)工平均收入比在職雇員平均收入約低30%。

The Static Civvies:

公務(wù)族：

Public-sector workers who have experienced a six-year-long pay squeeze. Britain probably has 1m static civvies, and though they earn more than the national average they are feeling the pinch: they haven't had a big pay rise in quite a while.

過去六年收入一直縮水的公共部門職工。英國約有100萬名收入止步不前的公務(wù)員。盡管他們收入高于英國平均水平，但仍感到手頭緊張：他們已經(jīng)很久沒有大幅加薪了。

Particularly in more rural parts of the country, the richest people in the local area are often those who work for the public sector. In parts of the Scottish Highlands, for instance, almost the only people on six-figure salaries are public-sector workers. They are pillars of the community, spending plenty of money locally. But in recent months, these people have not fared particularly well.

特別是在英國的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)，當(dāng)?shù)刈罡挥械娜送ǔ６荚诠膊块T工作。例如，在蘇格蘭高地的部分地區(qū)，幾乎所有收入達(dá)6位數(shù)的人都是公共部門的員工。他們是社會(huì)的支柱，很大程度上促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi)。但近幾個(gè)月，這些人的收入并不樂觀。

The Hawdies (Heads-Above-Water):

入不敷出族：

Families who have not seen a pay rise in a while and have little or no savings. There are probably around 2.5m heads-above-water families, comprising 4m people. Their average income is around £27,000 per year.

不僅收入不見起色，存款也很少甚至根本沒有的家庭。英國大約有250萬這樣的家庭，共400萬人口。他們每年平均收入約2.7萬英鎊。

This category describes families who are just-about-managing and struggling to get by. They are not Britain’s very poorest people; instead, they get most of their income from working in a job (not from means-tested benefits).

入不敷出族艱難維持生活。他們并非英國最貧窮的人，他們大多數(shù)收入來源于工作。(而非補(bǔ)助金)

However, they hardly feel secure. If some unexpected charge came up - say, if their boiler stopped working or the car broke down - they might struggle to pay for it.

然而，他們幾乎沒什么安全感，如果有什么突如其來的變故，比如，熱水器或車壞了的話，他們可能很難有錢來維修。

The Stucks (Struggling Urban Creatives):

創(chuàng)作族：

Educated folk, working in the London-based creative industries, who are getting by but who will never afford a house. Researchers estimate that there are 350,000 of these people. They have a low average salary but they do interesting work.

接受過教育，并在倫敦創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)工作，勉強(qiáng)度日但永遠(yuǎn)也買不起房子。調(diào)查估計(jì)，這類人大約有35萬。他們工資平均水平低，但他們的工作很有趣。

They are well educated, and they are in jobs which are fairly prestigious - they work for publishers, or in the media, or in public relations. But they do not feel particularly prosperous. Most importantly for them, they struggle to get on the housing ladder.

他們都接受過良好的教育，工作領(lǐng)域都很有聲望——出版業(yè)、媒體、公共關(guān)系。然而他們并不覺得自己收入很高。最重要的是，他們要拼命努力才能買得起房子。

The Tech Set:

技術(shù)族：

These are the people working in Britain's thriving tech sector. Their jobs barely existed a decade ago; these are the vloggers, the programmers and the technicians behind companies such as Snapchat and Facebook. Experts estimate that their average salary is £44,000 per year, well above the British average of £23,000.

這類人在英國蒸蒸日上的科技部門工作。他們的職位在十年前幾乎都不存在。他們可能是視頻博主、程序員、Snapchat和Facebook這類公司的技術(shù)人員。據(jù)專家估計(jì)，他們每年平均收入為4.4萬英鎊，遠(yuǎn)高于英國平均2.3萬的水平。

The Charlies (Corporate, High earning Asset Rich and Luxury living):

高薪族：

Highly educated people, largely living in and around London, who work in finance or allied trades and are raking it in.

他們接受過高等教育，大多生活在倫敦或倫敦周邊，在金融或貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域工作，收入不菲。

There are around 500,000 top dogs and their average salary is high. They also have high savings.

這類高端人士大約有50萬人，他們不僅平均收入非常高，而且有大量存款。

They work in a high-pressured environment, whereas nonetheless they have considerable autonomy and are allowed to be creative.

他們雖然在高壓環(huán)境下工作，但有很強(qiáng)的自主性，并且有發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力的空間。