誰(shuí)說(shuō)法國(guó)衰落，她只是魅力獨(dú)特

Confessions of a Francophile

誰(shuí)說(shuō)法國(guó)衰落，她只是魅力獨(dú)特

PARIS — I have just read another piece about French decline and malaise. My first reaction is: Enough already! As I’ve said before, malaise is to France as the Royal family is to Britain: a perennial condition that each people lives off.

巴黎——我剛剛又讀到一篇以法國(guó)的衰落和不安情緒為題的文章。我的第一反應(yīng)是：夠了!正如我以前所說(shuō)，不安情緒之于法國(guó)，就如同王室之于英國(guó)：是每個(gè)人早就習(xí)以為常的東西。

It was 18 years ago that, as a correspondent in Paris, I wrote: “France today is racked by doubt and introspection. There is a pervasive sense that not only jobs — but also power, wealth, ideas and national identity itself — are migrating, permanently and at disarming speed, to leave a vapid grandeur on the banks of the Seine.”

18年前在巴黎當(dāng)通訊記者的時(shí)候，我曾經(jīng)寫道：“懷疑和自省的氛圍讓今天的法國(guó)備受煎熬。人們普遍感覺(jué)，正以驚人的速度永遠(yuǎn)離法國(guó)而去的不只是工作機(jī)會(huì)，還有權(quán)力、財(cái)富乃至國(guó)家認(rèn)同感本身，遺留在塞納河岸的唯有空洞乏味的的偉大。”

Well, almost two decades on France is still here, as are the jeremiads that accompany it. One should not mistake grumbling, in its French iteration, for unhappiness. That would be far too literal-minded, almost Anglo-Saxon!

可是，過(guò)了將近20年，法國(guó)依然佇立在這里，與此同時(shí)，關(guān)于法國(guó)的種種哀嘆依然沒(méi)有消散。別以為法國(guó)人翻來(lái)覆去地發(fā)牢騷，就表示他們不幸福。那樣的話就太死腦筋了，簡(jiǎn)直堪稱盎格魯-撒克遜式的死腦筋。

France is stubborn. It is an idea, after all. Ideas must be defined against something. France has little choice but to define itself against the English-speaking world, rushing after money when other consolations abound. It was the French epicure Brillat-Savarin who noted: “I have drawn the following inference, that the limits of pleasure are as yet neither known nor fixed.”

法國(guó)很固執(zhí)。說(shuō)到底，它是一種理念。理念總得靠點(diǎn)什么來(lái)襯托和突顯。法國(guó)別無(wú)選擇，只能用放著那么多別的慰藉不要、偏去追逐金錢的英語(yǔ)世界來(lái)襯托和突顯自己。法國(guó)美食家布里亞-薩瓦亨(Brillat-Savarin)曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“我得出的結(jié)論是，到目前為止，快感的界限既不為人所知，也非固定不變。”

Perhaps it’s the perfection of Paris in these early spring days that makes all the chat about moroseness seem facile — the sweet breeze, the wide bright sky on the banks of the Seine, the low-slung bridges with their subtle fulcrums, the early-morning silence (enveloping enough for the sound of a woman’s heels on the sidewalk to be audible), the city’s gentle awakening, the curve of a zinc roof, the flat-topped pollarded trees along the gravel pathways of the Tuileries, the etched shadows on limestone, the streets that beckon and the boulevards that summon.

或許是這早春巴黎的完美無(wú)缺讓一切與郁悶有關(guān)的話題都顯得沒(méi)了意義——習(xí)習(xí)的清風(fēng)，塞納河岸上方廣闊明亮的天空，有著精巧支點(diǎn)的低矮橋梁，清晨的寂靜(寂靜到可以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)一個(gè)女人穿著高跟鞋走在人行道上)，緩緩蘇醒的城市，鋅皮屋頂?shù)那€，杜樂(lè)麗花園(Tuileries)里的碎石小徑兩旁頂部修剪得平平整整的樹(shù)木，映在石灰石上的影子，擺手致意的小街巷，高聲招呼的林蔭大道。

If this is the vapid grandeur of a fading power, I’ll take it!

如果這就是一個(gè)衰落大國(guó)的“空洞乏味的偉大”，那我愿意接受!

It is April, “mixing memory and desire,” as T.S. Eliot put it. Cruel would be an overstatement. There are places you come to at an impressionable age that will never leave you. Forty years ago, I lived as a student in a tiny apartment at the bottom of the Rue Mouffetard. I was studying French and giving English lessons three times a week in a lycée in a southern suburb famous principally for its prison. I would return in the early evening and wander around the market — the mackerel glistening on their bed of ice, the barded chickens, the plump endives, the serried ranks of eggplant, the bawdy invitations to buy the last of the silvery sardines for a song, acrid Gauloise smoke in the wintry air. Paris was release from a crimped Britain. A single window on the city was enough.

正如T·S·艾略特(T.S. Eliot)所言，這是“混雜著回憶與欲望”的四月。用殘酷一詞來(lái)描述它未免顯得太過(guò)夸張。如果你在容易受到外界影響的年紀(jì)到過(guò)某些地方，那它們就會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)留在你的記憶中。40年前，我還是一名學(xué)生，住在穆浮達(dá)街(Rue Mouffetard)盡頭的一間小公寓里。我當(dāng)時(shí)正學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)，每星期在一所公立中學(xué)給學(xué)生上三次英語(yǔ)課。那所學(xué)校位于主要以監(jiān)獄聞名的南郊。我會(huì)在傍晚時(shí)分趕回來(lái)，逛一逛穆浮達(dá)街市場(chǎng)——鯖魚在冰床上閃閃發(fā)光，雞肉被片成了薄片，菊苣豐滿多肉，茄子密密匝匝地排成排，小販發(fā)出猥瑣的邀請(qǐng)，說(shuō)只要唱首歌就可以把最后一點(diǎn)銀亮的沙丁魚買走，寒冷的空氣中飄散著高盧牌(Gauloise)香煙的刺鼻味道。巴黎讓我得以逃離束縛多多的英國(guó)。只要在這座城市里擁有一扇窗，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)就已足夠。

My Parisian sojourn culminated with the boiling summer of 1976. City fountains dried up. People sat dazed on park benches staring into the haze. Not a bottle of water could be found. The city was as romantic as a war zone. Pensioners died in little airless maids’ rooms under those zinc roofs. Nobody knew. Brittle leaves on plane trees dangled motionless.

在1976年的那個(gè)酷暑，我結(jié)束了在巴黎的逗留。當(dāng)時(shí)，城里的噴泉水流枯竭。人們坐在公園的長(zhǎng)凳上，盯著霧靄發(fā)呆。一瓶水都找不到。當(dāng)時(shí)的巴黎像戰(zhàn)區(qū)一樣夸張。鋅皮屋頂下，老年人死在狹小且不通風(fēng)的小屋里，無(wú)人知曉。懸鈴木的樹(shù)葉一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地耷拉著。

Of course, Britain has raced ahead since, Thatcher-revolutionized itself, uncrimped itself, and London has become the global city par excellence, while Paris has merely burnished the credentials of its beauty. France has grown sullen in its defiance of global modernity. Well, so be it!

當(dāng)然，英國(guó)后來(lái)走到了前面，掀起了一場(chǎng)撒切爾革命，擯棄了諸多束縛。倫敦變成了出類拔萃的全球化城市，而巴黎只是把它美麗之都的招牌擦了擦。和全球現(xiàn)代化作對(duì)的法國(guó)變得郁郁寡歡?？赡怯衷趺礃?

Few countries would have handled the crash of Germanwings Flight 9525 with such rigor, transparency and speed. Watching Brice Robin, the Marseille prosecutor, I was reminded that public service in France is still a high calling that draws many of the country’s best minds. It is not a mere second-best to the lucrative private sector. Once again the police — applauded by left-wing crowds in the vast demonstration after the Charlie Hebdo killings in January — showed superb professionalism. President François Hollande was measured and composed, his response appropriate at every step.

鮮有國(guó)家能以法國(guó)那樣縝密、透明和迅速地應(yīng)對(duì)德國(guó)之翼9525航班墜機(jī)事件。看著馬賽檢察官布里斯·羅班(Brice Robin)，我想起法國(guó)的公共服務(wù)依然是一項(xiàng)要求頗高的職業(yè)，吸引了該國(guó)很多極優(yōu)秀的人才。它可不是屈居富有的私營(yíng)領(lǐng)域之下的次等選擇。警方再次表現(xiàn)出了高超的專業(yè)水平。今年1月，在《查理周報(bào)》(Charlie Hebdo)殺人事件后出現(xiàn)的大規(guī)模示威游行中，警方就受到了左翼民眾的稱贊?？偨y(tǒng)弗朗索瓦·奧朗德(François Hollande)慎重沉穩(wěn)，每一步的應(yīng)對(duì)都恰如其分。

France is a country that works. It could work better. But it works in its way. And if it worked better, by the standards of the Anglo-Saxon world, it would also lose some essence of its particular functionality.

法國(guó)是一個(gè)正常運(yùn)行的國(guó)家。它可以運(yùn)行得更好。但它有自己的運(yùn)行方式。如果按照按盎格魯-撒克遜世界的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)看，它的運(yùn)行達(dá)到了更好，它那獨(dú)特的功用性就會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些本質(zhì)上的損失。

Last September, I wrote of my attempts to sell a village house I’ve owned for 20 years and the real estate agent who began her pitch by saying: “Monsieur, you cannot sell it. This is a family home. You know it the moment you step in. You sense it in the walls. You breathe it in every room. You feel it in your bones. This is a house you must keep for your children. I will help you sell it if you insist, but my advice is not to sell.”

去年秋天，我寫了打算賣房子的經(jīng)歷。那是一處在鄉(xiāng)下的房子，在我名下已經(jīng)20年了，房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人張口一句話卻說(shuō)：“先生，你不能賣。這是家宅。一走進(jìn)來(lái)就知道。你能從墻里感受它，在每間屋里都能呼吸到它，你能在骨子里能感覺(jué)它。你必須把這座房子留給你的孩子。如果你堅(jiān)持要賣，我會(huì)幫你，但我的建議是別賣。”