定語(yǔ)從句講解：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)

　　“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)

　　1. “介詞+ which”在關(guān)系分句中分別可作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why。如：

　?、買 still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school. 我仍然記得初來(lái)學(xué)校的那一天。

　?、赥he factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工廠是一個(gè)大廠子。

　　2. “介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在關(guān)系分句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，表示存在關(guān)系，關(guān)系分句主謂常須倒裝。如：

　?、賂hey arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他們來(lái)到一處農(nóng)舍，前邊坐著一個(gè)小男孩。

　?、贗 saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我看見一個(gè)人，他的頭上有一只鳥。

　　3. “不定代詞或數(shù)詞+ of + which(指物)/whom(指人)”在關(guān)系分句中作主語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明整體中的一部分。如：

　?、貱hina has a lot of islands, one of which is Diaoyu. 中國(guó)有許多島嶼，其中之一是釣魚島。

　　②There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film. 這里有許多學(xué)生，他們之中無(wú)人喜歡這部電影。

　　4. “介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在關(guān)系分句中作目的、方式或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如：

　　①Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat? 你能告訴我這件衣服是給誰(shuí)買的嗎?

　?、赥he man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer. 這人是一位工程師，我是從他那里得到這個(gè)消息的。

　　5. “介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系分句中，作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：

　?、賂he wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 傷害羊的那只狼被打死了。

　?、赥he man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼的那人是一個(gè)好獵手。

　　6. “名詞+ of which”代替“whose +名詞”在關(guān)系分句中作定語(yǔ)。如：

　　①I saw some trees, the leaves of which (= whose leaves ) were black with disease. 我看見一些樹，它們的葉子因害病而發(fā)黑。

　?、贖e mentioned a book, the title of which (= whose title) I’ve forgotten. 他提到一本書，書名我忘了。

　　7. “介詞+ which(指物)/whose(指人)”修飾后邊的名詞。如：

　?、買t rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces. 雨下了一天一夜，就在這期間輪船撞碎了。

　　②The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps. 司機(jī)就是那個(gè)男人，她從他的房間偷走地圖。

　　8. “介詞+ which +不定式”。此種用法多見于正文體中，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：

　　She had only 1.87 with which to buy (= she could buy) Jim, her husband, a present. 她只有一元八角七分錢，用這些錢她給丈夫吉姆買一件禮物。分句中分別可作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why。如：

　?、賂he factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工廠是一個(gè)大廠子。

　?、赥his is the reason for which (= why )he was put in prison. 這就是他為什么被關(guān)起來(lái)的原因。


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