定語(yǔ)從句講解:who, whom, that的特殊用法:
只能用that的情況,
先行詞為everything,all,little,much等不定代詞時(shí);
先行詞被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修飾時(shí);
先行詞被the only,the very,the same,the last修飾時(shí);
先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);
先行詞是be的表語(yǔ)或there be 的主語(yǔ)時(shí);
先行詞有人又有物時(shí);
當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。
不能用that的情況
介詞前置時(shí);
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中
先行詞本身是that
多用who,不用that的情況
先行詞為anyone,one,ones時(shí);
先行詞為those,he和people時(shí);
這些詞代替指人,whom在定語(yǔ)從句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主語(yǔ)又可作賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可以省略,who作賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)閣hom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物 。在從句中所起作用如下:
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個(gè)想見(jiàn)你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
(2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 剛剛和你說(shuō)話的那個(gè)男人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。(whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
注:who在定語(yǔ)從句中指人,作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略;做及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ),可省略。
2,which,that 用來(lái)指物(有六種情況只可用that而不用which)
(用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略),例如:
(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
(2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那個(gè)包裹快要散開了。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
注:which在定語(yǔ)從句中指物,可作主語(yǔ)或及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略;that在定語(yǔ)從句中既可指人又可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略,指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或whom,指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which,作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不可提到 that前,當(dāng)介詞提前時(shí),需要用which或whom來(lái)代替。
2、whose
(只用作定語(yǔ))
“whose”表示誰(shuí)(可以為人也可以為物)的(東西)
例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.雙親都死了的孩子叫做孤兒。(“whose parents”表示那個(gè)孩子的雙親)
He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那個(gè)房子的窗戶是朝南的。(“whose”表示那個(gè)房子的窗戶)
關(guān)系代詞:在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物;它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)可省略“that”在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)??墒÷躁P(guān)系詞,“which”在從句省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]
2.如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語(yǔ),注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前面,但有的則放在它前面的位置。
3. 代表物時(shí)的that常被省略;
c)被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);既有人又有物時(shí);
e)整個(gè)句中前面已有“which”,“why”行
關(guān)系副詞:在句中作狀語(yǔ)
關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on which(介詞同先行詞搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/……
1. “where”是關(guān)系副詞,當(dāng)然也不用“that”引導(dǎo)。
By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 當(dāng)你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候,我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期。
I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然記得我第一次見(jiàn)到她的地方。
Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出差都帶著生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等其他東西。
2. 當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí),常用“there is”開頭。
There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 這里有人要和你說(shuō)話。
分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開,將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。