2022年12月24日 VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：能或不能

 

Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we will answer a question about how to use "-able" and "-ible" suffixes.
你好！本周在“問老師”中，我們將回答有關(guān)如何使用“-able”和“-ible”后綴的問題。
 
Question
題

Hello teacher!
你好老師！
 
I am Md. Abdur Rahman from Bangladesh. I am a student and have been learning English for a long time. To improve my listening and speaking skills every night I listen to the VOA English podcast. However, I am not good at English spelling mainly when I write sentences. I feel confused over suffixes like "-able" vs "-ible." How can I be an expert in English spelling?
我是來(lái)自孟加拉國(guó)的 Md. Abdur Ra??hman。我是一名學(xué)生，已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。為了提高我的聽力和口語(yǔ)技能，我每晚都會(huì)收聽美國(guó)之音英語(yǔ)播客。但是，我主要是在寫句子的時(shí)候不擅長(zhǎng)英文拼寫。我對(duì)“-able”和“-ible”這樣的后綴感到困惑。我怎樣才能成為 英語(yǔ)拼寫專家？
 
Please help me and share your valuable suggestions.
請(qǐng)幫助我并分享您的寶貴建議。
 
Sincerely yours,
您忠誠(chéng)的，
 
Md. Abdur Rahman.
阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼博士。
 
Answer
回答
 
Thank you, Abdur Rahman for writing to us. English spelling is difficult even for native speakers. The English writing system is old, and it does not match up with how we pronounce things now.
謝謝阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼 (Abdur Ra??hman) 給我們寫信。即使對(duì)于以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人來(lái)說，英語(yǔ)拼寫也很困難。英語(yǔ)書寫系統(tǒng)很舊，與我們現(xiàn)在的發(fā)音不符。
 
But there are "rules" and methods we can use that might help improve our spelling ability.
但是我們可以使用一些“規(guī)則”和方法來(lái)幫助提高我們的拼寫能力。
 
We add the suffixes "-able" and "-ible" to the ends of words to create an adjective meaning "able to," for example, "fixable."
我們?cè)趩卧~的末尾添加后綴“-able”和“-ible”，以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)形容詞，意思是“能夠”，例如“可修復(fù)”。
 
I broke the coffee pot. Do you think it's fixable?
我打破了咖啡壺。你認(rèn)為它可以修復(fù)嗎？
 
We pronounce both endings with a "schwa." It is used in expressing unstressed central vowels, like in the word visible.
我們用“schwa”發(fā)音兩個(gè)結(jié)尾。它用于表達(dá)非重讀的中央元音，如在單詞visible中。
 
If you drive out to the countryside, the stars are even more visible!
如果你開車去鄉(xiāng)下，星星就更顯眼了！
 
The ending "-able" is more common because it is considered a "living" suffix. This means that we can create new words with it.
結(jié)尾“-able”更常見，因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)為是“活的”后綴。這意味著我們可以用它創(chuàng)造新詞。
 
We do not use the suffix "-ible" to make new words because it is used for Latin-based words. And there are no new Latin words, as it is now a dead language with no native speakers.
我們不使用后綴“-ible”來(lái)構(gòu)成新詞，因?yàn)樗糜诒硎净诶≌Z(yǔ)的詞。并且沒有新的拉丁詞，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在是一種沒有母語(yǔ)的死語(yǔ)言。
 
While there are always exceptions to spelling rules in English, we do have a few rules that can help us figure out which spelling to use.
雖然英語(yǔ)的拼寫規(guī)則總是有例外，但我們確實(shí)有一些規(guī)則可以幫助我們確定要使用的拼寫。
 
Let's start with "-able."
讓我們從“-able”開始。
 
"-Able"
“-有能力的”
 
We add "-able" to full words, often dropping an "e" in the process.
我們將“-able”添加到完整的單詞中，通常會(huì)在此過程中刪除“e”。
 
Adorable is a good example. You start with the word "adore," which means to love or like very much. Now, we drop the "e" from "adore" and put "able" in its place
可愛就是一個(gè)很好的例子。你從“adore”這個(gè)詞開始，意思是非常愛或非常喜歡。現(xiàn)在，我們把“adore”中的“e”去掉，用“able”代替
 
I saw the most adorable dog on my walk.
我在散步時(shí)看到了最可愛的狗。
 
In this sentence, adorable could be substituted with "cute."
在這句話中，adorable 可以用“ cute ”代替。
 
There are exceptions though, so watch out for words like "available" and "capable." If you take the suffix off, the roots of these words cannot stand alone.
不過也有例外，因此請(qǐng)注意“可用”和“有能力”等詞。如果去掉后綴，這些詞的詞根就不能單獨(dú)存在。
 
If a word ends in a /k/ or /g/ sound, use "-able," like the word "despicable."
如果單詞以 /k/ 或 /g/ 發(fā)音結(jié)尾，請(qǐng)使用“-able”，就像單詞“despicable”一樣。
 
Their favorite movie is "Despicable Me."
他們最喜歡的電影是《神偷奶爸》。
 
Let's move onto "-ible."
讓我們轉(zhuǎn)到“-ible”。
 
"-Ible"
“-伊布爾”
 
Remember that the number of words with "-ible" will not change because there is a limited number of words from Latin that we use with the suffix. Since it is not a living suffix, we cannot add it to form new words.
請(qǐng)記住，帶有“-ible”的單詞數(shù)量不會(huì)改變，因?yàn)槲覀兪褂煤缶Y的拉丁語(yǔ)單詞數(shù)量有限。由于它不是活的后綴，我們不能添加它來(lái)形成新詞。
 
Most -ible words cannot stand on their own. They need the suffix to be a word. For example, "possible."
最有說服力的詞不能獨(dú)立存在。他們需要后綴是一個(gè)詞。例如，“可能”。
 
"Poss" is not a word. It needs the suffix "-ible" to be "possible."
“擁有”不是一個(gè)詞。它需要后綴“-ible”才能表示“可能”。
 
But like the suffix "-able," there are exceptions to this rule.
但就像后綴“-able”一樣，這條規(guī)則也有例外。
 
Like the word flexible. "Flex" can be a word on its own.
就像靈活這個(gè)詞。“Flex”可以單獨(dú)成為一個(gè)詞。
 
Remember the spelling rules
記住拼寫規(guī)則
 
For both suffixes you should remember general spelling rules.
對(duì)于這兩個(gè)后綴，您應(yīng)該記住一般的拼寫規(guī)則。
 
One rule is especially notable.
一條規(guī)則尤其值得注意。
 
You should drop the "e" on the end of a word when adding a suffix beginning with a vowel.
添加以元音開頭的后綴時(shí)，應(yīng)將單詞末尾的“e”去掉。
 
For example, "likable."
例如，“討人喜歡”。
 
She was very likable in high school.
她在高中時(shí)非常討人喜歡。
 
There is an exception to this rule.
這條規(guī)則有一個(gè)例外。
 
Do not drop the "e" when words end in "ce" or "ge." This has to do with the sounds /g/ or /s/. The letter "e" is needed to keep the consonant sound the same.
當(dāng)單詞以“ce”或“ge”結(jié)尾時(shí)，不要去掉“e”。這與 /g/ 或 /s/ 的發(fā)音有關(guān)。需要字母“e”來(lái)保持輔音相同。
 
For example: Danceable and Changeable
例如：可舞多變
 
Latin music is so danceable!
拉丁音樂太適合跳舞了！
 
The date is changeable for the tickets.
門票的日期可以更改。
 
Please let us know if these explanations and examples have helped you!
如果這些解釋和示例對(duì)您有所幫助，請(qǐng)告訴我們！