2022年12月16日 VOA慢速英語：鍛煉語法，第 2 部分

Last week, we looked at common phrasal verbs and gerunds linked to exercising and health. For this week's Everyday Grammar report, we will continue to explore exercise vocabulary. We will learn different prepositions, verbs, and nouns we can use when talking about what we do to exercise and how we use our muscles.
上周，我們研究了與鍛煉和健康相關(guān)的常見短語動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)名詞。對(duì)于本周的日常語法報(bào)告，我們將繼續(xù)探索練習(xí)詞匯。我們將學(xué)習(xí)不同的介詞、動(dòng)詞和名詞，這些介詞、動(dòng)詞和名詞在談?wù)撐覀內(nèi)绾五憻捯约叭绾问褂眉∪鈺r(shí)可以使用。

Let's start with common prepositional phrases.
讓我們從常見的介詞短語開始。

In shape, into shape and out of shape
在形狀中，進(jìn)入形狀和變形
 
Two common prepositional phrases we use for talking about physical health is being "in shape" or "out of shape." Another one you will hear is getting "back into shape."
我們用來談?wù)撋眢w健康的兩個(gè)常見介詞短語是“in shape”或“out of shape”。您會(huì)聽到的另一種說法是“恢復(fù)體形”。

If you are "in shape," you are physically strong and fit. People who are in shape likely exercise regularly and eat well.
如果您處于“體型”狀態(tài)，則表示您身體強(qiáng)壯且健康。身材好的人可能經(jīng)常鍛煉并且吃得好。

Adam was so in shape last year. He worked out almost every day.
亞當(dāng)去年的身材很好。他幾乎每天都鍛煉。

If you are out of shape, you are not physically fit. "Out of" is used to show a change away from the usual or expected form.
如果你身體不好，那說明你身體不健康。 “Out of”用于表示與通?；蝾A(yù)期形式不同的變化。

Dmitry was out of shape after his knee operation.
Dmitry 在膝蓋手術(shù)后變形。

When you are out of shape, you may want to get "back into shape." This means you start doing physical activity to become fit and strong.
當(dāng)你變形時(shí)，您可能想要“恢復(fù)體形”。這意味著您開始進(jìn)行體育鍛煉以變得健康和強(qiáng)壯。
 
Brittany's new year resolution is getting back into shape by doing yoga three times a week.
Brittany 的新年決心是通過每周做三次瑜伽來恢復(fù)體形。

Engage and activate
參與并激活

When you work out, it is important to do exercises the right way. This helps keep you safe from injury and makes your efforts more effective.
鍛煉時(shí)，以正確的方式進(jìn)行鍛煉很重要.這有助于保護(hù)您免受傷害并使您的努力更有效。

You might hear someone tell you to make sure you "engage your muscles." The verb "engage" means to involve. When you "engage" your muscles, you are using them.
您可能會(huì)聽到有人告訴您要確保“鍛煉肌肉”。動(dòng)詞“engage”的意思是涉及。當(dāng)您“調(diào)動(dòng)”您的肌肉時(shí)，您就是在使用它們。

Exercise like yoga engages your core muscles.
像瑜伽這樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)調(diào)動(dòng)您的核心肌肉。
 
A similar verb is "activate." This means to make active. When we activate our muscles, we "turn on" or start to use them. This activation is created by the connection between our brain and muscles.
一個(gè)類似的動(dòng)詞是“激活”。這意味著激活。當(dāng)我們激活我們的肌肉時(shí)，我們“打開”或開始使用它們。這種激活是由我們的大腦和肌肉之間的連接產(chǎn)生的。
 
If we activate our muscles for exercise, we can better engage the muscles and use them!
如果我們激活肌肉進(jìn)行鍛煉，我們可以更好地調(diào)動(dòng)和使用肌肉！
 
It's important to activate your stomach muscles to support your back.
重要的是激活你的腹部肌肉來支撐你的背部。
 
Nouns
名詞

Now let's look at some nouns you can use to talk about your exercise routine.
現(xiàn)在讓我們看看一些你可以用來談?wù)撃愕娜粘ｅ憻挼拿~。
 
Activities like weightlifting and high intensity training have special words that describe and differentiate between groups of exercises.
舉重和高強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練等活動(dòng)有特殊的詞來描述和區(qū)分練習(xí)組。
 
A "rep," for example, is a shortened form of "repetitions." A rep is the number of times you do the movement of an exercise.
例如，“代表”是“重復(fù)”的縮寫形式。一次代表是你做某項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的次數(shù)。
 
She did 10 reps of squats.
她做了 10 次深蹲。
 
A "set" is group of reps. There are usually about 8 to 12 reps in a set. There may be fewer reps if the exercise involves heavier weights. And there may be more if the weights are lighter. After each set, you should rest for a minute or two.
“一組”是一組代表。一組通常有大約 8 到 12 個(gè)重復(fù)。如果鍛煉涉及較重的重量，則重復(fù)次數(shù)可能會(huì)減少。如果重量更輕，可能會(huì)有更多。每組結(jié)束后，您應(yīng)該休息一兩分鐘。
 
I like to do four sets of eight reps of biceps curls.
我喜歡做四組二頭肌彎舉，每組八次。
 
A "superset" is a combination of exercises in a sequence with no break or rest. So, you do one set of one kind of exercise, centering on one muscle or group, then immediately change to the other kind of exercise, centering on a different muscle or group.
“超級(jí)組”是一系列練習(xí)的組合，沒有間斷或休息。所以，你做一組以一種肌肉或一組為中心的一種鍛煉，然后立即換成另一種鍛煉，以不同的肌肉或一組為中心。
 
Our superset today includes chest flies and a tricep dip.
我們今天的超級(jí)組包括胸部飛翔和三頭肌臂屈伸。
 
A "circuit" is a combination of three or more exercises that you complete back-to-back with no rest in between. Circuits combine strength training and cardio. Cardio is any kind of exercise that gets your heart to beat faster and harder for a period of time.
“電路”是三個(gè)或更多練習(xí)的組合，您連續(xù)完成這些練習(xí)，中間沒有休息。電路結(jié)合了力量訓(xùn)練和有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)。有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)是任何一種可以讓您的心臟在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)跳得更快、更用力的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
 
I jumped and did pushups and lunges for my circuit today.
我今天跳了起來，做了俯臥撐和弓步。
 
An "interval" is the amount of time you take to do the exercise.
“間歇”是指你做這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間。
 
We do two-minute intervals of the circuit before taking a 20-second rest.
我們做兩分鐘的間歇在休息 20 秒之前完成循環(huán)。
 
Finally, a "round" is how many times you complete a group of circuit exercises.
最后，“一輪”是你完成一組循環(huán)練習(xí)的次數(shù)。
 
I completed five rounds of the circuit before the time finished.
我完成了五輪時(shí)間結(jié)束前的電路。
 
Final thoughts
最后的想法

Today we looked at more common expressions for exercise, including the prepositional phrases "in shape" and "out of shape" and verbs like "engage" and "activate." We also looked at the differences between "rep," "set," and "superset," among others.
今天，我們了解了更常見的鍛煉表達(dá)方式，包括介詞短語“in shape”和“out of shape”以及“engage”和“activate”等動(dòng)詞。我們還研究了“rep”、“set”和“superset”之間的差異。
 
Let's end this report with some homework.
讓我們用一些作業(yè)來結(jié)束本報(bào)告。
 
Try to make some more sentences with either the verbs, prepositional phrases or the nouns that we talked about today.
嘗試更多的句子是我們今天談到的動(dòng)詞、介詞短語或名詞。
 
You can talk about which muscle or body parts you activate or engage while you work out.
您可以談?wù)撃阱憻挄r(shí)激活或接觸了哪些肌肉或身體部位。
Or you can describe your workout routine with nouns like "round," "interval," or "circuit."
或者您可以使用“圓形”、“間隔”或“循環(huán)”等名詞來描述您的鍛煉程序。
 
Share your work in the comments!
在評(píng)論中分享您的作品！