2022年11月07日 VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：抗體藥物被測(cè)試為抗瘧疾的新工具

 

A new study carried out in the West African nation of Mali found that an experimental drug protected adults against malaria for at least six months. The one-dose drug is the latest possible treatment for the disease spread by mosquitos.
在西非國(guó)家馬里進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一種實(shí)驗(yàn)性藥物可以保護(hù)成年人免受瘧疾的侵害至少六個(gè)月。這種單劑藥物是治療蚊子傳播疾病的最新可能療法。
 
Malaria killed more than 620,000 people in 2020 and sickened 241 million. They were mainly children under the age of 5 in Africa.
2020 年，瘧疾導(dǎo)致超過 620,000 人死亡，2.41 億人患病。他們主要是非洲 5 歲以下的兒童。
 
The World Health Organization is releasing the first malaria vaccine for children. But it is just 30 percent effective and requires four doses.
世界衛(wèi)生組織正在為兒童發(fā)布第一種瘧疾疫苗。但它只有 30% 有效，需要四劑。
 
The new study tested a very different idea. The drug gives people a large dose of lab-made malaria-fighting antibodies. The vaccine depends on the immune system to make enough of those same infection-blockers after vaccination.
這項(xiàng)新研究測(cè)試了一個(gè)非常不同的想法。該藥物為人們提供大劑量的實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造的抗瘧疾抗體。疫苗依賴于免疫系統(tǒng)在接種疫苗后制造足夠的相同感染阻斷劑。
 
Dr. Kassoum Kayentao is with the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies in Bamako, Mali. He helped lead the study in two small villages in Mali. He said the "available vaccine doesn't protect enough people."
Kassoum Kayentao 博士在馬里巴馬科的科學(xué)、技術(shù)和技術(shù)大學(xué)工作。他幫助領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了馬里兩個(gè)小村莊的研究。他說，“現(xiàn)有的疫苗并不能保護(hù)足夠多的人。”
 
During malaria season in some places in Mali, people are bitten by infected mosquitoes on an average of twice a day.
在馬里一些地方的瘧疾季節(jié)，人們平均每天被感染的蚊子叮咬兩次。
 
The experimental antibody was created by researchers at the U.S. National Institutes of Health. It is given intravenously, or directly into the veins.
實(shí)驗(yàn)性抗體由美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院的研究人員創(chuàng)建。它是靜脈內(nèi)給藥，或直接進(jìn)入靜脈。
 
The drug would be difficult to release to a large amount of people. But scientists are also testing a shot version of the treatment, which would be easier to give out.
這種藥物很難釋放給大量人群。但科學(xué)家們也在測(cè)試這種治療的注射版本，這會(huì)更容易發(fā)出。
 
The U.S. government research was published Monday in the New England Journal of Medicine and was presented at a medical meeting in Seattle.
美國(guó)政府的研究周一發(fā)表在《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上，并在西雅圖的一次醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)議上發(fā)表。
 
The antibody works by breaking the life cycle of the parasite, which is spread through mosquito bites. It targets parasites early before they enter the liver, where they can grow and multiply. The drug was created from an antibody taken from a volunteer who received a malaria vaccine.
抗體通過打破寄生蟲的生命周期起作用，寄生蟲通過蚊蟲叮咬傳播。它在寄生蟲進(jìn)入肝臟之前及早將其作為目標(biāo)，在那里它們可以生長(zhǎng)和繁殖。這種藥物是從一名接受瘧疾疫苗的志愿者身上提取的抗體制成的。
 
The research involved 330 adults in Mali. The study participants got either one of two different antibody doses or a placebo – a substance given to a patient like a drug but has no physical effect on the patient. All participants were tested for malaria infection every two weeks for 24 weeks. Anyone who got sick was treated.
該研究涉及馬里的 330 名成年人。研究參與者獲得了兩種不同抗體劑量中的一種或安慰劑——一種像藥物一樣給予患者的物質(zhì)，但對(duì)患者沒有身體影響。所有參與者每?jī)芍芙邮芤淮委懠哺腥緳z測(cè)，持續(xù) 24 周。任何生病的人都得到了治療。
 
Infections were found by blood test in 20 people who got the higher dose. Infections were found in 39 people who got the lower dose. Eighty-six people who got the placebo became infected during the study period.
在接受更高劑量的 20 人中通過血液檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)感染。在接受較低劑量的 39 人中發(fā)現(xiàn)了感染。86 名服用安慰劑的人在研究期間被感染。
 
The higher dose was 88 percent effective, compared to the placebo. The lower dose was 75 percent effective.
與安慰劑相比，較高劑量的有效率為 88%。較低劑量的有效率為 75%。
 
Protection might last during the several months of malaria season.
保護(hù)可能會(huì)持續(xù)幾個(gè)月的瘧疾季節(jié)。
 
The cost is not yet known. But one estimate suggests lab-made antibodies could be given for just $5 per child per malaria season.
費(fèi)用尚不清楚。但一項(xiàng)估計(jì)表明，每個(gè)瘧疾季節(jié)每名兒童只需 5 美元即可提供實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造的抗體。
 
Dr. Johanna Daily is with the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. She was not involved in the study. She said lab-made antibodies are used to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases and COVID-19.
Johanna Daily 博士在紐約的阿爾伯特愛因斯坦醫(yī)學(xué)院工作。她沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究。她說，實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造的抗體用于治療癌癥、自身免疫性疾病和 COVID-19。
 
"The good news is now we have another, immune-based therapy to try to control malaria," she said.
“好消息是現(xiàn)在我們有了另一種基于免疫的療法來控制瘧疾，”她說。