VOA慢速英語：一年沒上學(xué)，阿富汗女孩前途未卜

For most teenage girls in Afghanistan, it has been a year since they were barred from going to school. But some are trying to continue their education even with the Taliban now ruling the country.
對于阿富汗的大多數(shù)少女來說，她們被禁止上學(xué)已經(jīng)一年了。但即使塔利班現(xiàn)在統(tǒng)治著這個國家，有些人仍在努力繼續(xù)他們的教育。
 
At a house in Kabul, a group of young girls recently gathered for classes in an unofficial school set up by Sodaba Nazhand. She and her sister teach English, science and math to girls who should be in high school.
在喀布爾的一所房子里，一群年輕女孩最近聚集在一所由 Sodaba Nazhand 設(shè)立的非官方學(xué)校上課。她和姐姐教給本應(yīng)上高中的女孩教英語、科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)。
 
"When the Taliban wanted to take away the rights of education and the rights of work from women, I wanted to stand against their decision by teaching these girls," Nazhand told The Associated Press.
“當(dāng)塔利班想要剝奪婦女的教育權(quán)和工作權(quán)時，我想通過教導(dǎo)這些女孩來反對他們的決定。”納贊德告訴美聯(lián)社。
 
Hers is one of several secret schools in operation since the Taliban took over the country and restricted education for girls. The government only permits girls to attend school through the sixth grade. They are barred from attending high school. Although the Taliban says women can attend university, it is not likely that they will do so if they cannot complete high school.
自塔利班接管該國并限制女孩接受教育以來，她的學(xué)校是幾所秘密學(xué)校之一。政府只允許女孩上六年級，禁止上高中。盡管塔利班表示女性可以上大學(xué)，但如果她們不能完成高中，她們就不太可能上大學(xué)。
 
"There is no way to fill this gap, and this situation is very sad and concerning," Nazhand said.
“沒有辦法填補(bǔ)這一空白，這種情況非常令人難過和擔(dān)憂，”納贊德說。
 
Taliban takeover
塔利班接管
 
Nearly the whole population of Afghanistan was thrown into poverty after the Taliban takeover in August of 2021. Millions of Afghans could not feed their families when the world cut off support to the country.
2021 年 8 月塔利班接管后，阿富汗幾乎所有人口都陷入貧困。當(dāng)世界切斷對該國的支持時，數(shù)百萬阿富汗人無法養(yǎng)家糊口。
 
The group Save the Children found that more than 45 percent of girls are not going to school in Afghanistan, compared to 20 percent of boys. It also found that 26 percent of girls are showing signs of depression, compared with 16 percent of boys.
拯救兒童組織發(fā)現(xiàn)，阿富汗超過 45% 的女孩不上學(xué)，而男孩的這一比例為 20%。它還發(fā)現(xiàn)，26% 的女孩表現(xiàn)出抑郁的跡象，而男孩的這一比例為 16%。
 
The international community is demanding that the Taliban open schools to all Afghan girls. The United States and the European Union have created plans to pay Afghanistan's teachers directly to keep the schools open without putting money in the Taliban's hands.
國際社會要求塔利班向所有阿富汗女孩開放學(xué)校。美國和歐盟已制定計(jì)劃，為保持學(xué)校開放，直接向阿富汗教師支付費(fèi)用，而不是將資金交給塔利班。
 
But Taliban leaders are still arguing among themselves about whether to educate girls. Some in the group support returning girls to school because they see no religious objection to it or because they want to improve ties with the world. Others strongly oppose it, especially rural tribal leaders.
但塔利班領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人內(nèi)部仍在爭論是否要教育女孩。該團(tuán)體中的一些人支持讓女孩重返學(xué)校，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為沒有宗教反對意見，或者因?yàn)樗麄兿敫纳婆c世界的聯(lián)系。其他人則強(qiáng)烈反對，尤其是農(nóng)村部落首領(lǐng)。
 
When the Taliban first ruled Afghanistan in the 1990s, the group established much stronger restrictions on women. They banned schools for all girls and barred women from work. If they went outside, women had to wear burkas, clothing that covers them fully, from head to feet.
塔利班在 1990 年代首次統(tǒng)治阿富汗時，該組織對女性實(shí)施了更嚴(yán)格的限制。他們禁止所有女孩上學(xué)，并禁止婦女工作。如果外出，女性必須從頭到腳穿上罩袍，即完全覆蓋她們的衣服。
 
The Taliban promised Afghans when they seized control again last year that they would not return to the restrictions of the past. The officials said they would permit teen girls back into school in the future. But, they said, first the government needed to set up a process to separate boys and girls in an "Islamic framework."
塔利班在去年再次奪取控制權(quán)時向阿富汗人承諾，他們不會回到過去。政府表示，他們將來會允許少女重返學(xué)校。但是，他們說，首先政府需要建立一個程序，在“伊斯蘭框架”中將男孩和女孩分開。
 
In March, just before the new school year was to begin, the Taliban announced that everyone would be back to school. But then, on March 23, the day school was to reopen, the group stopped teenage girls from going to school. Apparently, the Taliban's supreme leader, Mullah Haibatullah Akhundzada, changed the policy to please more conservative local leaders.
3 月，就在新學(xué)年開始之前，塔利班宣布所有人都將重返學(xué)校。但隨后，在 3 月 23 日，當(dāng)日開學(xué)時，該組織阻止了十幾歲的女孩上學(xué)。顯然，塔利班最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人毛拉·海巴圖拉·阿昆扎達(dá)改變了政策，以取悅更保守的地方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。
 
Shekiba Qaderi, a 16-year-old, remembered going to school that day, ready to start the 10th grade. She and her friends were excited until a teacher told them to go home. The girls all began to cry, she said. "That was the worst moment in our lives."
16 歲的 Shekiba Qaderi 記得那天去學(xué)校，準(zhǔn)備上 10 年級。她和她的朋友們都很興奮，直到老師告訴他們回家。她說，女孩們都開始哭了。“那是我們一生中最糟糕的時刻。”
 
Since then, she has been trying to study at home by reading books. And she is learning English through movies and YouTube videos. Her older sister is at a private university studying law. But her father Mohammad Shah Qaderi said, "She won't have a job. The Taliban won't [permit] her to work."
從那以后，她一直試圖通過看書在家學(xué)習(xí)。她正在通過電影和 YouTube 視頻學(xué)習(xí)英語。她的姐姐在一所私立大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)法律。但她的父親 Mohammad Shah Qaderi 說：“她不會有工作。塔利班不會[允許]她工作。”
 
Qaderi said he has always wanted his children to get a higher education. As that may be impossible now, he is thinking of leaving Afghanistan for the first time after many years of war.
Qaderi說，他一直希望他的孩子能夠接受高等教育，現(xiàn)在這種可能變得越來越渺茫，他在多年戰(zhàn)爭后第一次考慮離開阿富汗。
 
"I can't see them growing in front of my eyes with no education; it is just not acceptable to me," he said.
“沒有教育，我無法親眼看到孩子的成長，這對我來說是不可接受的。”他說。
 
Secret schools
秘密學(xué)校
 
A month after the Taliban takeover, Nazhand started teaching street children to read in a park in her neighborhood. Women who could not read or write joined them, she said.
塔利班接管后一個月，納贊德開始在她附近的一個公園教街頭兒童閱讀。她說，不會讀寫的女性也加入了他們的行列。
 
Sometime later, a supporter rented a house in which Nazhand could hold the classes. Once she was operating inside, Nazhand included teen girls who were no longer permitted to go to public school.
過了一段時間，一位支持者租了一間房子，納贊德可以在里面上課。一旦她開始在里面工作，納贊德就吸納了那些禁止上公立學(xué)校的少女。
 
Now there are about 250 students, including 50 or 60 schoolgirls studying above the sixth grade level.
現(xiàn)有學(xué)生約250人，其中六年級以上學(xué)生有50至60人。
 
"I am not only teaching them school subjects, but also trying to teach them how to fight and stand for their rights," Nazhand said. "These are the same Taliban, but we shouldn't be the same women of those years. We must struggle by writing, by raising our voice, by any way possible."
“我不僅教他們學(xué)?？颇浚€試圖教他們?nèi)绾螢樽约旱臋?quán)利而戰(zhàn)，”納贊德說。“塔利班還是那個塔利班，但我們不應(yīng)該是那些年的女性。我們必須通過寫作，通過提高我們的聲音，以任何可能的方式進(jìn)行斗爭。”
 
Nazhand's school, and others like it, are illegal under the Taliban's current restrictions. But so far, her school remains open.
納贊德的學(xué)校和其他類似的學(xué)校在塔利班目前的限制下是非法的。但到目前為止，她的學(xué)校仍然開放。
 
For students, the underground schools are a lifeline.
對于學(xué)生來說，地下學(xué)校是生命線。
"It is so hard when you can't go to school," said student Dunya Arbabzada. "Whenever I pass by my school and see the closed door ... it's so upsetting for me."
學(xué)生 Dunya Arbabzada 說：“不能去上學(xué)的時候真是太難了。每當(dāng)我經(jīng)過學(xué)校，看到緊閉的門......就很沮喪。”
 
I'm Caty Weaver.
凱蒂·韋弗報道。