一、some和any的用法
some意為“一些”、“幾個(gè)”,通常用于肯定句中。現(xiàn)將其主要用法歸納如下:
1)some作形容詞用時(shí),可以修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有幾個(gè)學(xué)生。
There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里有一些牛奶。
2)some作代詞用時(shí),可在句中作主語或賓語。例如:
Some of the boys are playing games now. 有幾個(gè)男孩現(xiàn)在正在做游戲。
I have no paper. Please give me some. 我沒有紙了,請(qǐng)給我一些吧。
3)some有時(shí)也可以用在疑問句或條件句中,表示請(qǐng)求、建議,并期望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答。它也可以用于反問句中。例如:
Can you give me some money? 你能給我一些錢嗎?
Would you like some more rice? 再來點(diǎn)米飯好嗎?
Why don't you buy some flowers for her? 你為什么不給她買些花呢?
If you want (some), I'll give you some. 如果你想要(一些),我就給你一些。
any也有“一些”的意思,但它常用在否定句、否定答語或疑問句中。其具體用法如下:
1)any作形容詞用時(shí),可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù),也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
Do you have any questions to ask? 你有什么問題要問嗎?
There isn't any water in this bottle. 這個(gè)瓶子里沒有水。
2)any作代詞用時(shí),也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。例如:
You may take any of them. 這些東西,你隨便拿哪個(gè)都行。
Any man with eyes in his head can see that he's exactly like a rope. 任何一個(gè)頭上長有眼睛的人都能看出,他完全像一根繩子。
3)any有時(shí)也可用于條件句中。例如:
If you have any time, please come to my house. 如果你有時(shí)間,請(qǐng)來我家(玩)。
If you have any, give us some. 如果你有的話,就給我們一點(diǎn)兒吧。
二、some和any的區(qū)別
1)一般說來，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句。例如：
She wants some chalk.
She doesn't want any chalk.
2)any可與not以外其他有否定含義的詞連用，表達(dá)否定概念。例如：
He never had any regular schooling.
3)any可以用于表達(dá)疑問概念的條件句中。例如：
If you have any trouble, please let me know.
4)在下列場(chǎng)合，some也可用于疑問句。
- 說話人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答復(fù)將是肯定的。例如：
Are you expecting some visitors this afternoon?(說話人認(rèn)為下午有人要求，所以用some)
Are you expecting any visitors this afternoon?(說話人不知道下午是否有人來，所以用any)
Didn't you give him some tickets?(說話人認(rèn)為票已經(jīng)給他了。問題的回答是：Sure I did)
Did you give him any tickets?(說話人不知道是否給票了?；卮鹂赡苁莥es或no。)
- 款待用語或問句的實(shí)質(zhì)等于提出一個(gè)要求并希望得到肯定的回答時(shí)。例如：
Won't you have some more tea?
Could you get me some clips?
這類用語中的some不能用any代替。
- 在“Let me know if you need any help.”這類條件句中，可用some代替any。
用any表示說話人完全不知道對(duì)方是否需要幫助，或表示說話人愿意向?qū)Ψ教峁o限量的幫助。
Let me know if you need help.
用some 則表示提供對(duì)方某種程度的、確定的幫助，或者表示期待肯定的回答。
Let me know if you need some help.
三、some和any的練習(xí)
填空:
1. I can see_____birds in the tree.
2. There isn't_____orange juice in my bottle. Please give me_____ .
3. —Do you have_____picture-books? —No, I don't have_____ . But I have_____story-books.
4. —Is there_____rice in the bag? —No, there isn't_____ .
5. —Are there_____boys in the classroom? —No, but there are_____girls in it.
6. —Which one can I take? —You may take_____one of them.
7. —Would you like_____fruit juice, please? —No. I'd like_____tea.
8. If you have_____questions, please put up your hands.
9. May I ask you_____questions, Miss Wang?
10. Can you see_____bikes under the tree?
答案:
1. some
2. any; some
3. any; any; some
4. any; any
5. any; some
6. any
7. some; some
8. any
9. some
10. any
