Begin with an individual, and before you know it you find that you have created a type; begin with a type, and you find that you have created—nothing. That is because we are all queer fish, queerer behind our faces and voices than we want any one to know or than we know ourselves. When I hear a man proclaiming himself an“average, honest, open fellow,” I feel pretty sure that he has some definite and perhaps terrible abnormality which he has agreed to conceal—and his protestation of being average and honest and open is his way of reminding himself of his misprision.
There are no types, no plurals. There is a rich boy, and this is his and not his brothers' story. All my life I have lived among his brothers but this one has been my friend. Besides, if I wrote about his brothers I should have to begin by attacking all the lies that the poor have told about the rich and the rich have told about themselves—such a wild structure they have erected that when we pick up a book about the rich, some instinct prepares us for unreality. Even the intelligent and impassioned reporters of life have made the country of the rich as unreal as fairy-land.
Let me tell you about the very rich. They are different from you and me. They possess and enjoy early, and it does something to them, makes them soft where we are hard, and cynical where we are trustful, in a way that, unless you were born rich, it is very difficult to understand. They think, deep in their hearts, that they are better than we are because we had to discover the compensations and refuges of life for ourselves. Even when they enter deep into our world or sink below us, they still think that they are better than we are. They are different. The only way I can describe young Anson Hunter is to approach him as if he were a foreigner and cling stubbornly to my point of view. If I accept his for a moment I am lost—I have nothing to show but a preposterous movie.
以平凡人物開篇,會意外地塑造一個典型;而以一個典型開篇,塑造的人物最終——什么都不是。那是因為我們都是怪人,我們的音容笑貌下面潛藏著更加奇怪的東西,這些東西我們不希望別人發(fā)現(xiàn),甚至連自己都意識不到。每當我聽到有人標榜自己是“正常、誠實、開朗之人”時,我就敢斷定他百分之百有一些藏而不露的異常情況,甚至有些可怕的變態(tài)——他那正常、誠實、開朗的嚴正聲明只是提醒自己刻意偽裝掩飾的一種方式。
這篇小說里既沒有典型人物,平凡人物也寥寥無幾,只有一個富家子弟,這篇小說就是寫他而不是寫他的弟弟們的。雖然我和他的弟弟們打了一輩子交道,成為我朋友的就他一人。另外,要是我寫的是他的弟弟們,那我就必須戳穿窮人口中關(guān)于富人以及富人口中關(guān)于他們自己的謊言——這些謊言非常猖獗,以至于當我們隨便拿起一本寫富人的書,就會不由自主地懷疑它的真實性。即使是別具慧眼、對生活富有探索精神的作家也可能將富人的世界描述得神乎其神。
我來給你們講講那些富賈巨商們的事吧,他們和你我有天壤之別。他們從小就腰纏萬貫,享盡榮華富貴。這樣的生活也對他們產(chǎn)生了影響:在一些事情上,他們軟弱,我們執(zhí)著;他們玩世不恭,我們則充滿真誠。從某種程度上來說,除非你生下來就是富人,否則就很難理解。他們在內(nèi)心深處永遠覺得他們好過我們,因為我們不得不靠自己的努力掙口飯來果腹,找個地方來遮風擋雨。即使他們淪落到和我們一樣窮的地步,甚至連我們都不如,他們也依然覺得好過我們。他們真是與眾不同。我描述年輕的安森·亨特的唯一方法就是去接近他,仿佛他是個外國人,只能由我來代言。如果我一旦接受他的觀點,我就會立刻迷失方向——只能束手無策地給你們看一部極其荒謬的電影腳本了。