疑問代詞what, which, whom和疑問副詞where, when, how后可以跟不定式,構成短語,如:what to do (做什么),where to go (去哪里)等。這類短語常用作賓語,可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個賓語從句。但要注意,這種結構轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語從句時,要補加相應的主語,而且從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)常用一般將來時shall或will (過去將來時用would或should),或用情態(tài)動詞can (過去時用could)。
I don't know what to do. 我不知道做什么 。
I don't know what I shall do .
Could you tell me where to buy the book? 你能告訴我在哪里買那本書嗎 ?
Could you tell me where I can buy the book ? (could是更委婉的說法,不是過去時 )
He didn't tell us when to leave . 他沒有告訴我們什么時候動身 。
He didn't tell us when we should leave .
He didn't tell us when we could leave . (主句是過去時,所以從句用過去有關時態(tài) )
I don't know whom to go with . 我不知道同誰一起去 。
I don't know whom I shall go with . (with不可省略,因為只能說go with sb., 不能說go sb., go是不及物動詞 )
Do you know which room to live in ? 你知道住哪個房間嗎 ?
Do you know which room we shall live in ? (從句的主語應該用we。另外,in不可省略,因為只能說live in a room, 不能說live a room, 這里的live是不及物動詞 )
She showed me how to plant trees . 她向我示范怎樣栽樹 。
She showed me how I could plant trees . (從句的主語應該用I )