must 和 have to 都作“必須”解。must 表示說話人的個人意志、主觀看法或要求;have to 表示客觀環(huán)境的需要,指不得已而必須做某事。must 沒有過去時態(tài)和將來時態(tài)(但在間接引語中仍用must); have to 的過去式為had to,將來式為will have to,表示將來“還得……”,今后“還有必要……”。
You must stop smoking. 你必須戒煙。(個人的主觀要求 )
You have to follow these rules. 你必須遵守這些規(guī)則。(客觀環(huán)境有這種要求 )
You must do as you're told. 你必須照被吩咐的去做。
You must never jump the queue. 你絕不該插隊。
We have to wash our hands before a meal. 我們必得在飯前洗手。
He had to hurry or he'd be late. 他必須趕緊走,否則要遲到了。(迫于時間很緊 )
You will have to do more exercises. 你還得做更多的練習。(才能把所學的知識鞏固 )
You must get up early. 你必須早起床 。(強烈的主觀要求 )
You have to get up early. 你有必要早起床 。(客觀需要,比如要趕上某班車 )
He must go there last night. (誤)
He had to go there last night. (正)他昨天夜里必須去那里 。
提示
①have to的疑問式和否定式要用do, does或did,這里應把have作行為動詞看待,不是表示“有”。
Do you have to do it today?(正)你非得今天做這件事嗎?
Have you to do it today? (誤)
You don't have to go there.(正)你不一定非得去那里。
You haven't to go there. (誤)
②Do you have to...?的肯定回答和否定回答。
A:Do you have to do housework? 你必須做家務嗎?
B: Yes, I do ./Yes, I have to ./Yes, I've got to . 是的,必須做。
B: No, I don't have to ./No, I haven't got to . 不,不必。