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初中·課本中不會(huì)教你的 名詞 正誤速辨

所屬教程:課本中不會(huì)教你的初中英語(yǔ)單詞、詞組、句型和慣用法

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2022年05月10日

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名詞 正誤速辨

1 地板上有一些衣服。

誤  There is some clothes on the floor.

正  There are some clothes on the floor.

評(píng)  clothes是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)概念,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

2 杭州在哪里?

誤  Where's Hang Zhou ?

正  Where's Hangzhou ?

評(píng)  中國(guó)的地名譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí),用漢語(yǔ)拼音,第一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě),書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)不分開(kāi)。

3 現(xiàn)在11點(diǎn)10分。

誤  It's 11:10 o'clock .

正  It's 11:10 .

評(píng)  o'clock用于表示整點(diǎn),幾點(diǎn)幾分后不可用o'clock。

4 桌子上有一些舊的收音機(jī)。

誤  There are some old radioes on the table.

正  There are some old radios on the table.

評(píng)  以o結(jié)尾的名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),有些只加s,如:radios, pianos, photos, kilos(公斤)等;有些要加es,如:heroes, tomatoes(西紅柿), potatoes(土豆)等。

5 她的家離這里不遠(yuǎn)。

誤  Her family is not far from here.

正  Her home is not far from here.

評(píng)  family指由父母和子女組成的家庭。home指人出生和居住的地方。

6 他喝了兩杯咖啡。

誤  He drank two cup of coffee .

誤  He drank two cups coffee .

正  He drank two cups of coffee .

評(píng)  不可數(shù)名詞如tea, coffee, wine, ink, water等表示量時(shí),可用a cup of(一杯),a glass of(一杯)等,表示復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)則說(shuō)two cups of, three glasses of等。

7 他們是日本人。

誤  They are Japaneses .

正  They are Japanese .

評(píng)  Japanese, Chinese等表示國(guó)人的詞,單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。

8 這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)多少錢(qián)?

誤  What is the cost of the computer?

正  What is the price of the computer?

正  How much does the computer cost ?

評(píng)  price指“價(jià)格,價(jià)錢(qián)”,通常指顧客應(yīng)付的錢(qián);cost意為“成本,費(fèi)用,代價(jià)”,cost作動(dòng)詞時(shí)可表示“價(jià)值為”。

9 我通常在晚上做家庭作業(yè)。

誤  I usually do my homeworks in the evening.

正  I usually do my homework in the evening.

評(píng)  homework, work(工作)等為不可數(shù)名詞,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。

10 一些警察站在那邊。

誤  Some policeman are standing over there.

正  Some policemen are standing over there.

11 A:喂,是瑪麗嗎?

B:不是,我是林達(dá)。

誤  A: Hello, Mary?

B: No, I am Linda .

正  A: Hello, Mary?

B: No, This is Linda (speaking).

評(píng)  用英語(yǔ)打電話時(shí),“我是……”要說(shuō)This is...,不可說(shuō)I am...。

12 碗里有些肉。

誤  There are some meats in the bowl.

正  There is some meat in the bowl.

評(píng)  meat, fish, rice, milk, bread等物質(zhì)名詞,通常只用單數(shù)形式。

13 她在5年級(jí)3班。

誤  She is in Grade Five, Class Three .

正  She is in Class Three,Grade Five .

評(píng)  大小單位詞并用時(shí),漢語(yǔ)通常是大的單位詞在前,小的單位詞在后,而英語(yǔ)則相反。

14 她很喜歡法國(guó)食物。

誤  She likes French foods very much.

正  She likes French food very much.

評(píng)  food作“食物,食品”解是不可數(shù)名詞。

15 徐老師,早上好。

誤  Good morning, Teacher Xu .

正  Good morning, Mr. Xu .

評(píng)  漢語(yǔ)中的“徐老師,張老師”等稱呼的“老師”,要用符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的“Mr./Mrs./Miss+姓”表示。

16 王老師教我們數(shù)學(xué)。

誤  Mr. Wang teaches our maths.

正  Mr. Wang teaches us maths.

評(píng)  “教某人某學(xué)科”要用“teach sb.(用代詞賓格或名詞)+學(xué)科名詞”。

17 他晚餐喝了一杯啤酒。

誤  He drank a cup of beer at dinner.

正  He drank a glass of beer at dinner.

評(píng)  cup指用陶瓷等制成的帶把兒的小茶杯,常有托盤(pán),用來(lái)喝茶,喝牛奶或喝咖啡,而喝啤酒用的是玻璃杯,這起源于西方,已成了習(xí)慣。

18 3人缺席。

誤  Three people is absent.

誤  Three peoples are absent.

正  Three people are absent.

評(píng)  people作“人,人們,人民”解時(shí),為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,總稱,不可加s,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

19 她的身體怎樣?

誤  How is her body ?

正  How is her health ?

評(píng)  漢語(yǔ)中的“身體好不好”,“健康如何”,譯成英語(yǔ)要用health一詞。

20 瓶子里有多少酒?

誤  How many wine is there in the bottle?

正  How much wine is there in the bottle?

21 這是8號(hào)房間。

誤  It is 8 Room .

正  It is Room 8 .

22 她晚餐吃了一些魚(yú)。

誤  She ate some fishes at dinner.

正  She ate some fish at dinner.

評(píng)  fish表示“魚(yú)肉”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞,作“魚(yú)”解時(shí),其復(fù)數(shù)形式仍為fish。fishes則表示“不同種類的魚(yú)”。

23 他名叫張東方。

誤  His name is Zhang Dong Fang .

誤  His name is Zhang Dong fang .

正  His name is Zhang Dongfang .

正  His name is Zhang Dong-fang .

評(píng)  漢語(yǔ)名字譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí),用漢語(yǔ)拼音來(lái)寫(xiě),姓和名要分開(kāi),但名字之間不分開(kāi),但可用連字符,姓和名的第一個(gè)字母都要大寫(xiě)。

24 這本書(shū)20元錢(qián)。

誤  This book is twenty yuans .

正  This book is twenty yuan .

評(píng)  漢語(yǔ)的貨幣名稱譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)用音譯,但只用單數(shù)形式,且通常用斜體。

25 一位士兵站在街道中間。

誤  A soldier is standing in the centre of the street.

正  A soldier is standing in the middle of the street.

26 這是通往那座海濱小城的路嗎?

誤  Is this the street to the seaside town?

正  Is this the road to the seaside town?

評(píng)  street指城市中的“街道”,兩邊有建筑物。road指“公路,道路”。

27 昨天許多人去游泳了。

誤  A lot people went swimming yesterday.

正  A lot of/Lots of people went swimming yesterday.

28 他昨天買(mǎi)了一些紙。

誤  He bought some papers yesterday.

正  He bought some paper yesterday.

評(píng)  paper表示“紙”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞,表示“報(bào)紙,論文”時(shí),為可數(shù)名詞。

29 我要理發(fā)。

誤  I'll have my hairs cut.

正  I'll have my hair cut.

評(píng)  hair指一個(gè)人的全部頭發(fā)時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。表示一根或幾根頭發(fā),是可數(shù)名詞。

30 這棵大樹(shù)宜于乘涼。

誤  This large tree makes a nice shadow .

正  This large tree makes a nice shade .

評(píng)  shade指“遮陰處,(圖畫(huà)中的)陰影”。shadow指“影子,陰影”。

31 校門(mén)關(guān)上了。

誤  The school door is closed.

正  The school gate is closed.

32 大廳里擠滿了人。

誤  The hall is full of men .

正  The hall is full of people .

評(píng)  泛指人時(shí),要用people,不用men。

33 特納一家將去山里度假。

誤  Turner's family will spend their holidays in the hills.

正  The Turners will spend their holidays in the hills.

正  The Turner family will spend their holidays in the hills.

評(píng)  表示“全家,一家人”時(shí),要說(shuō)“the+復(fù)數(shù)姓”或“the+姓+family”。

34 他看到地板上有一支鋼筆。

誤  He saw a pen on the ground .

正  He saw a pen on the floor .

評(píng)  floor意為室內(nèi)“地板”;ground指室外“地面”。

35 我們今天下午有兩節(jié)課。

正  We have two lessons this afternoon.

正  We have two classes this afternoon.

36 她昨天買(mǎi)了許多水果。

誤  She bought many fruits yesterday.

正  She bought much fruit yesterday.

評(píng)  總稱“水果”時(shí),要用fruit,用a lot of或much修飾。fruits則表示不同種類的水果。

37 其他學(xué)生正在植樹(shù)。

誤  The others students are planting trees.

正  The other students are planting trees.

評(píng)  other為形容詞,others是名詞,常同the連用,指“別的人”。

38 警察在那邊站著。

誤  The police is standing over there.

正  The police are standing over there.

評(píng)  police是集體名詞,總稱,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

39 他步行去學(xué)校。

誤  He went to school on feet .

正  He went to school on foot .

評(píng)  on foot意為“步行”,為固定搭配,不可說(shuō)on feet。

40 你什么時(shí)候入團(tuán)的?

誤  When did you join the league ?

正  When did you join the League ?

評(píng)  “中國(guó)共產(chǎn)主義青年團(tuán)”的League,第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě)。

41 她賣蔬菜和雞蛋。

誤  She sells vegetable and eggs.

正  She sells vegetables and eggs.

評(píng)  vegetable是可數(shù)名詞,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

42 她在三班。

誤  She is in class three .

正  She is in Class Three .

評(píng)  英語(yǔ)中,表示號(hào)碼編排的名詞和基數(shù)詞,每個(gè)詞的第一個(gè)字母通常都要大寫(xiě)。

43 那邊有六頭牛。

誤  There are six cattles over there.

正  There are six cattle over there.

44 今天星期幾?

誤  What's the date today?

正  What day is it today?

評(píng)  What's the date today?意為“今天幾號(hào)?”

45 她有兩塊手表。

誤  She has two watchs .

正  She has two watches .

46 邁克,有你的電話。

誤  Mike, you have a telephone .

正  Mike, there is a telephone call for you.

47 她所有的牙都掉了。

誤  All her tooth are gone.

正  All her teeth are gone.

48 天氣多糟啊!

誤  What a bad weather it is!

正  What bad weather it is!

評(píng)  weather是不可數(shù)名詞,前面不可加a。

49 他是英國(guó)人。

誤  He is an English .

正  He is an Englishman .

評(píng)  English作名詞時(shí),從整體上表示“英語(yǔ),英國(guó)人”。

50 那座小城位于中國(guó)的東北部。

誤  The town lies in the eastnorth of China.

正  The town lies in the northeast of China.

評(píng)  復(fù)合方位詞,英語(yǔ)的表述方式與漢語(yǔ)不同。

51 他們是男教師。

誤  They are man teachers.

正  They are men teachers.

評(píng)  man和woman作定語(yǔ)時(shí),要同被修飾的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。

52 街上車輛很多。

誤  There are a lot of traffics in the street.

正  There are a lot of traffic in the street.

評(píng)  traffic意為“交通,交通量,往來(lái)”,為不可數(shù)名詞。

53 你最好多鍛煉身體。

誤  You'd better take more exercises .

正  You'd better take more exercise .

評(píng)  exercise作“訓(xùn)練,體育鍛煉”解時(shí),為不可數(shù)名詞;作“練習(xí),習(xí)題”解時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞。

54 他的一個(gè)同學(xué)考試沒(méi)及格。

誤  One of his classmate failed in the exam.

正  One of his classmates failed in the exam.

55 他們住在3-8號(hào)房間。

誤  They live in Rooms No. 3-8 .

正  They live in Rooms Nos. 3-8 .

評(píng)  No.為number的縮寫(xiě)式,如果號(hào)碼不止一個(gè),要用Nos.。

56 2班在河邊植樹(shù)。

誤  Class Two is planting trees along the river.

正  Class Two are planting trees along the river.

評(píng)  class如果表示班上的各個(gè)成員,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。

57 他昨天買(mǎi)了一件家具。

誤  He bought a furniture yesterday.

正  He bought a piece of furniture yesterday.

評(píng)  furniture是不可數(shù)名詞,如表示數(shù)量,可用piece。

58 畫(huà)中有3只狼。

誤  There are three wolfs in the picture.

正  There are three wolves in the picture.

評(píng)  以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí),要將f或fe改為v,再加es。

59 地板上有1支粉筆。

誤  There is a chalk on the floor.

正  There is a piece of chalk on the floor.

評(píng)  chalk為物質(zhì)名詞,不可數(shù),要用piece表示數(shù)量。

60 他早餐吃了兩塊面包。

誤  He had two breads for breakfast.

正  He had two pieces of bread for breakfast.

評(píng)  bread是不可數(shù)名詞,可用piece, slice或loaf表示數(shù)量。

61 他們將建一個(gè)新的運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)。

誤  They will build a new sport field.

正  They will build a new sports field.

62 山坡上有一些羊。

誤  There are some sheeps on the hillside.

正  There are some sheep on the hillside.

63 請(qǐng)吃點(diǎn)水果。

誤  Please help yourself to some fruits .

正  Please help yourself to some fruit .

64 他父親在第一中學(xué)教數(shù)學(xué)。

誤  His father teaches maths at First Middle School .

誤  His father teaches maths at 1 Middle School .

正  His father teaches maths at the No.1 Middle School .

正  His father teaches maths at the Middle School No.1 .

正  His father teaches maths at the First Middle School .

65 他將在5月中旬回家。

誤  He will be back home in the centre of May.

正  He will be back home in the middle of May.

評(píng)  表示“時(shí)間上的‘中間’”,只能用middle,不可用centre。

66 請(qǐng)勿踏草地。

誤  Please keep off the grasses .

正  Please keep off the grass .

評(píng)  grass表示“草地,牧場(chǎng)”時(shí),為不可數(shù)名詞。

67 她的眼鏡在桌子上。

誤  Her glass is on the table.

正  Her glasses are on the table.

評(píng)  表示“眼鏡”要用glasses, glass表示“玻璃”,a glass表示“一只玻璃杯”。

68 所有這些學(xué)生都取得了很大進(jìn)步。

誤  All these students have made great progresses .

正  All these students have made great progress .

評(píng)  progress表示“進(jìn)步,發(fā)展”時(shí),為不可數(shù)名詞。

69 100美元買(mǎi)這本詞典太貴了。

誤  One hundred dollars are too dear for the dictionary.

正  One hundred dollars is too dear for the dictionary.

評(píng)  英語(yǔ)中,表示“數(shù)量,距離,金額,時(shí)間”等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,通??醋饕粋€(gè)整體,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。

70 這些士兵在那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗中丟了命。

誤  These soldiers lost their life in the battle.

正  These soldiers lost their lives in the battle.

評(píng)  life (生命)的復(fù)數(shù)形式要用lives,表示多人的生命。

71 我通常在晚上讀點(diǎn)東西。

誤  I usually do some readings in the evening.

正  I usually do some reading in the evening.

評(píng)  有一些習(xí)慣說(shuō)法,如:do some reading (讀點(diǎn)東西),do some shopping (買(mǎi)些東西),do the cooking (做飯)等,動(dòng)名詞用單數(shù)形式。

72 她告訴他一條好消息。

誤  She told him a good news .

正  She told him a piece of good news .

評(píng)  news是不可數(shù)名詞,前面不可用a/an修飾,表示數(shù)量時(shí),要用piece。

73 那個(gè)房間有雙層窗。

誤  That room has double window .

正  That room has double windows .

評(píng)  double后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,而a double后接單數(shù)名詞。

74 她同莉莉交上了朋友。

誤  She made friend with Lily.

正  She made friends with Lily.

評(píng)  make friends with意為“與……交朋友,與……友好”,為習(xí)慣用法。

75 他們是德國(guó)人嗎?

誤  Are they Germen ?

正  Are they Germans ?

評(píng)  German(德國(guó)人)一詞雖以man結(jié)尾,但屬于規(guī)則變化,要加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,比較不規(guī)則變化:Frenchman→Frenchmen, Englishman→Englishmen。

76 他身上沒(méi)有零錢(qián)。

誤  He has no changes on him.

正  He has no change on him.

評(píng)  change表示“零錢(qián),找頭”時(shí),為不可數(shù)名詞。

77 他的繪畫(huà)知識(shí)很豐富。

誤  He has a lot of knowledges of painting.

正  He has a lot of knowledge of painting.

評(píng)  knowledge意為“知識(shí),學(xué)問(wèn),知道”,為不可數(shù)名詞,可用much, a lot of, little和a little修飾。

78 那不是我的鉛筆,那是我妹妹的。

誤  That isn't my pencil. That's my sister .

正  That isn't my pencil. That's my sister's .

評(píng)  “某人的”要用名詞所有格表示,應(yīng)在名詞后加's。

79 這副手套是他的。

誤  This pair of gloves are his.

正  This pair of gloves is his.

評(píng)  “a/this/that pair of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

80 他房間的門(mén)是紅色的。

誤  His room's door is red.

正  The door of his room is red.

評(píng)  表示無(wú)生命的所屬關(guān)系,通常要用of所有格,不用名詞所有格。

81 他懂一點(diǎn)兒法語(yǔ)。

誤  He knows a bit French.

正  He knows a bit of French.

正  He knows a little French.

評(píng)  a bit表示“一點(diǎn),少許”時(shí),用作副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞。a bit of和a little可直接修飾名詞。

82 我喜歡綠色。

誤  I like green colour .

正  I like green .

評(píng)  green作名詞時(shí)表示“綠色”,不可再加colour。

83 這些是女襯衫。

誤  These are womens' shirts.

正  These are women's shirts.

評(píng)  不規(guī)則名詞women, men, policemen是復(fù)數(shù)形式,所有格要加's。

84 他們通常吃一頓豐盛的午餐。

誤  They usually have good lunch .

正  They usually have a good lunch .

評(píng)  三餐名詞breakfast,lunch和supper通常不加冠詞,但有形容詞修飾時(shí),則要加不定冠詞a/an。


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