初中·課本中不會(huì)教你的 101　almost, nearly和hardly

101　almost, nearly和hardly

1　almost 意為“幾乎，差不多”，后面常跟any, no, never, none, nothing, nobody, every, everybody, everything，還常跟數(shù)詞，但almost 不可與not連用。

He had almost nothing to do that day. 那天他幾乎沒(méi)有什么事做。

Almost every student has come. 幾乎每個(gè)學(xué)生都到了。

The watch cost me almost 20 yuan. 這塊表差不多花了我20元。

It is almost too much. 這簡(jiǎn)直太過(guò)分了。

She had almost no money. （正）她幾乎沒(méi)有錢(qián)了 。

She had almost not money. （誤）

2　almost 還可以表示“差一點(diǎn)”，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或名詞。

I almost fell off my bike. 我差一點(diǎn)兒從自行車(chē)上摔下來(lái)。

The car almost knocked the tree down. 汽車(chē)差點(diǎn)兒把那棵樹(shù)撞倒。

She almost passed the maths exam. 她差一點(diǎn)就通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)考試了。（但沒(méi)通過(guò) ）

She is almost top of the match. 她差一點(diǎn)就是這場(chǎng)比賽的冠軍。

3　nearly 也表示“幾乎，差不多”，語(yǔ)氣比almost 弱，nearly 不可同any, no, never, none, nothing, nobody, every, everybody, everything連用，但修飾時(shí)間詞、數(shù)量詞和年齡詞時(shí)，用almost 和nearly 都可以。在not, pretty, very之后，只能用nearly 。

修飾時(shí)間詞：

It is nearly six o'clock. （正）快6點(diǎn)了 。

It is almost six o'clock. （正）

修飾數(shù)量詞：

He has nearly 500 yuan . （正）他差不多有500元 。

He has almost 500 yuan . （正）

修飾年齡詞：

She is nearly fifteen years old. （正）她快要15歲了 。

She is almost fifteen years old. （正）

They are not nearly ready. （正）他們還遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好 。

They are not almost ready. （誤） （almost不可與not連用 ）

I have nearly nothing to say. （誤）

I have almost nothing to say. （正）我?guī)缀鯖](méi)有什么可說(shuō) 。

I have nearly never seen such a thing. （誤）

I have almost never seen such a thing. （正）我?guī)缀鯊奈匆?jiàn)過(guò)這樣的事 。

4　almost 表示的距離比nearly更近一些，相當(dāng)于very nearly。

It is nearly supper time. 快吃晚飯了 。

It is almost supper time. 馬上就要吃晚飯了 。

提示

在不能比較和衡量的情況下，可用almost，但不可用nearly。

The tiger is almost human. （正）這只老虎通人性。

The tiger is nearly human. （誤）

5　hardly 意為“幾乎不”，表示否定意義，因此所在句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用肯定式，反意疑問(wèn)句中的附加問(wèn)句也要用肯定式。hardly 常同any連用，但不可同no, nothing, nobody等否定詞連用。

比較不同的結(jié)構(gòu)：

hardly any+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞

almost+no+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞

hardly a +單數(shù)名詞

almost no+單數(shù)名詞

I can hardly hear you. 我?guī)缀趼?tīng)不見(jiàn)你講話。

I can hardly see who he is. 我?guī)缀蹩床磺逅钦l(shuí)。

He hardly believes it, does he ? （正）他幾乎不相信這個(gè)，是嗎？

He hardly believes it, doesn't he ? （誤）

There are hardly any books on the shelf. 書(shū)架上幾乎沒(méi)有書(shū)了 。

There are almost no books on the shelf.

I have hardly any money with me. 我身上幾乎沒(méi)有錢(qián)了 。

I have almost no money with me.

There is hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空中幾乎沒(méi)有一片云 。

There is almost no cloud in the sky.