初中·課本中不會(huì)教你的 介詞與冠詞 正誤速辨

介詞與冠詞 正誤速辨

1　臨河有一些新房子。

誤 　There are some new houses at the river.

正 　There are some new houses on/by the river.

評(píng) 　on這里表示“臨近”，也可用by。

2　老師昨天到我家進(jìn)行了家訪。

誤 　The teacher called on my house yesterday.

正 　The teacher called at my house yesterday.

評(píng) 　訪問某場(chǎng)所要用call at，訪問某人用call on。

3　我們?cè)诼犚皇仔赂琛?/b>

誤 　We are listening a new song.

正 　We are listening to a new song.

評(píng) 　listen為不及物動(dòng)詞，后有賓語時(shí)，要加to。

4　你請(qǐng)。/請(qǐng)。/請(qǐng)先走。

誤 　First , please.

誤 　You first go , please.

正 　After you .

評(píng) 　請(qǐng)別人先行、先進(jìn)門等要說After you。

5　他20年前在一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)里工作。

誤 　He worked in a farm twenty years ago.

正 　He worked on a farm twenty years ago.

評(píng) 　“在農(nóng)場(chǎng)里”要說on a/the farm。

6　他住在黃河以北的一座小城里。

誤 　He lives in a town in the north of the Yellow River.

正 　He lives in a town on the north of the Yellow River.

評(píng) 　on表示“相鄰”，in表示在某范圍內(nèi)。

7　他用電話跟她交談。

誤 　He talked with her by the phone.

正 　He talked with her on the phone.

正 　He talked with her over the phone.

評(píng) 　使用或通過電話、電視等時(shí)，一般要用on或over。

8　我可以看看你的新車嗎？

誤 　May I look your new car?

正 　May I look at your new car?

評(píng) 　look表示“看，瞧”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，要加at后接賓語。

9　我在廣播里聽到這個(gè)消息的。

誤 　I heard the news from the radio.

正 　I heard the news over the radio.

評(píng) 　“在廣播里（聽）”要用over/on/upon the radio。

10　他看見墻上有一個(gè)洞。

誤 　He saw a hole on the wall.

正 　He saw a hole in the wall.

評(píng) 　洞在墻體內(nèi)，故用in。on表示在某物表面上。

11　該吃晚飯了。

誤 　It's time to supper .

正 　It's time for supper .

正 　It's time to have supper .

評(píng) 　表示“該是……的時(shí)候了”用It's time for sth./to do sth.。

12　這瓶子里裝滿了油。

誤 　The bottle is full with oil.

正 　The bottle is full of oil.

正 　The bottle is filled with oil.

評(píng) 　表示“充滿”，用be full of或be filled with。

13　她日夜照料這些孩子們。

誤 　She looked these children after day and night.

正 　She looked after these children day and night.

評(píng) 　look after后可接賓語，但不可拆開使用。

14　課文的注釋在38頁上。

誤 　The notes of the text is on page 38.

正 　The notes to the text is on page 38.

評(píng) 　問題的答案、門的鑰匙等要用to。

15　讓我看看你的新書。

誤 　Let me have a look your new book.

正 　Let me have a look at your new book.

評(píng) 　have a look表示“看一看”，可單獨(dú)使用。后接賓語要加at。

16　他騎馬去那兒的。

誤 　He went there by horseback.

正 　He went there on horseback.

評(píng) 　“騎馬”要說on horseback。

17　他周末常去釣魚。

誤 　He often goes fishing in weekend .

正 　He often goes fishing at weekends .

評(píng) 　“在周末”英式英語用at，美式英語用on。

18　她用鉛筆寫了那封信。

誤 　She wrote the letter with pencil.

正 　She wrote the letter in pencil.

評(píng) 　in表示用某種材料，或就字跡而言。with表示書寫的工具。

19　我媽媽今天在家。

誤 　My mother is in home today.

正 　My mother is at home today.

正 　My mother is in today.

評(píng) 　“在家”英語中常用be at home或be in。

20　他看見一些警察站在街上。

誤 　He saw some policemen stand at the street.

正 　He saw some policemen stand in/on the street.

評(píng) 　“站在街上”可以說stand in/on the street，不可用at。

21　它看上去像一只猴子。

誤 　It likes a monkey.

誤 　It looks a monkey.

正 　It looks like a monkey.

評(píng) 　“看上去像”要用look like。

22　他們?cè)谟糜⒄Z交談。

誤 　They are talking with English .

正 　They are talking in English .

評(píng) 　用某種語言要用in。用某種工具要用with。

23　他是委員會(huì)成員。

誤 　He is in the committee.

正 　He is on the committee.

正 　He sits on the committee.

評(píng) 　表示某人為委員會(huì)的一個(gè)成員，用on。

24　湯姆今天早上6點(diǎn)鐘起的床。

誤 　Tom got up at six in this morning .

正 　Tom got up at six this morning .

評(píng) 　this morning/afternoon/evening之前不用介詞，the morning/afternoon/evening前要用in。

25　那小女孩拉著母親的手。

誤 　The little girl took her mother from/on the hand.

正 　The little girl took her mother by the hand.

評(píng) 　拉著／抓?。兆∮胻ake/seize/hold/catch...by。

26　這是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的一條河。

誤 　It is the longest river of China .

正 　It is the longest river in China .

評(píng) 　在含有最高級(jí)的句子中，in短語表示“在某范圍內(nèi)”。

27　你如果喜歡這支鋼筆，就送給你。

誤 　If you like the pen, you can have it of your own.

正 　If you like the pen, you can have it for your own.

評(píng) 　for one's own中的for表示目的。of one's own則表示“某人自己的”。

28　他的事業(yè)會(huì)成功的。

誤 　He will succeed with/on his business.

正 　He will succeed in his business.

評(píng) 　“在……成功，做……成功”要用succeed/success in。

29　他大約在8點(diǎn)鐘離開家的。

誤 　He left home about at eight o'clock.

正 　He left home at about eight o'clock.

評(píng) 　“大約在幾點(diǎn)鐘”要用“at about+鐘點(diǎn)”。

30　聽到這個(gè)消息我非常吃驚。

誤 　I am much surprised for/with the news.

正 　I am much surprised at the news.

評(píng) 　be surprised at表示“對(duì)……吃驚（驚訝）”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

31　星期一上午我們將有兩節(jié)英語課。

誤 　We'll have two English classes in Monday morning .

正 　We'll have two English classes on Monday morning .

評(píng) 　表示“星期幾／某個(gè)日期的上午、下午、晚上要用介詞on。

32　她花了100元錢買書。

誤 　She spent 100 yuan for/in books.

正 　She spent 100 yuan on books.

評(píng) 　“花時(shí)間／錢”要用on sth.，“花時(shí)間做某事”，要用in doing sth.。

33　他把門上的鑰匙丟了。

誤 　He lost the key of the door.

正 　He lost the key to the door.

34　他以每小時(shí)150公里的速度開車。

誤 　He drove with a speed of 150 kilometres an hour.

正 　He drove at a speed of 150 kilometres an hour.

評(píng) 　at a speed of表示“以……速度”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

35　會(huì)議將從9點(diǎn)鐘開始。

誤 　The meeting will begin from nine o'clock.

正 　The meeting will begin at nine o'clock.

評(píng) 　表示“從某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始”要用begin at。

36　他向敵人射擊。

誤 　He shot to the enemy.

正 　He shot at the enemy.

評(píng) 　at表方向，“向／對(duì)……”。

37　他躲藏在門后。

誤 　He hid himself after the door.

正 　He hid himself behind the door.

評(píng) 　after用于指動(dòng)態(tài)的、次序的先后。behind用于指位置的后面，表示靜態(tài)。

38　我對(duì)未來抱有信心。

誤 　I am confident in/with the future.

正 　I am confident of the future.

評(píng) 　be/feel confident of表示“對(duì)……確信”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

39　老師走進(jìn)了教室。

誤 　The teacher walked in the classroom.

正 　The teacher walked into the classroom.

評(píng) 　in表“在內(nèi)，在……里面”，指一種狀態(tài)。into表示動(dòng)態(tài)，指動(dòng)作的方向。

40　我信任她。

誤 　I have confidence to/for/with her.

正 　I have confidence in her.

評(píng) 　have confidence in表示“信任”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

41　新鮮空氣對(duì)健康有益。

誤 　Fresh air is good to our health.

正 　Fresh air is good for our health.

評(píng) 　be good for表示“對(duì)……有益”。be good to表示“對(duì)……和藹”。

42　他在地上挖一個(gè)坑。

誤 　He dug a hole on the road.

正 　He dug a hole in the road.

評(píng) 　表示坑和洞在物的內(nèi)部，均要用in。

43　他上班從不遲到。

誤 　He is never late to work.

正 　He is never late for work.

評(píng) 　be late for意為“……遲了”，為固定搭配，不可改用to。

44　她每天早晨照鏡子。

誤 　She looks at herself on/at the mirror every morning.

正 　She looks at herself in the mirror every morning.

評(píng) 　“照鏡子”要說look at oneself in the mirror，為習(xí)慣搭配。

45　請(qǐng)給他捎個(gè)口信。

誤 　Please take a message to him.

正 　Please take a message for him.

評(píng) 　take a message for sb.意為“給某人捎個(gè)口信”，for不可改為to。

46　張老師對(duì)我們要求很嚴(yán)。

誤 　Mr. Zhang is very strict on/at us.

正 　Mr. Zhang is very strict with us.

評(píng) 　be strict with sb.表示“對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

47　這部車同那部車的顏色不同。

誤 　This car is different with that car in colour.

正 　This car is different from that car in colour.

評(píng) 　A is different from B表示“A與B不同”，不能用with。

48　我祝賀你們的勝利。

誤 　I congratulate you for your victory.

正 　I congratulate you on your victory.

評(píng) 　congratulate sb. on/upon sth.表示“祝賀某人……”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

49　長(zhǎng)江以南種水稻。

誤 　People grow rice in the south of the Yangtze River.

正 　People grow rice to the south of the Yangtze River.

評(píng) 　in the south/north of表示在某一范圍內(nèi)的南部／北部等。in the south of表在某范圍的南部，to the south of表在某范圍和領(lǐng)域之外的南部。

50　謝謝你幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語。

誤 　Thank you to help me with my English study.

正 　Thank you for helping me with my English study.

評(píng) 　“謝謝某人做某事”要說thank sb. for doing sth.，而不可說thank sb. to do sth.。

51　我確信他會(huì)成功。

誤 　I am sure for his success.

正 　I am sure of his success.

評(píng) 　be sure/certain of意為“確信，相信”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

52　他等了她兩個(gè)小時(shí)。

誤 　He waited her for two hours.

正 　He waited for her for two hours.

評(píng) 　“等待某人”要用wait for sb.。

53　這里冬天的氣溫通常在零下20攝氏度。

誤 　The temperature here is usually 20℃ under zero in winter.

正 　The temperature here is usually 20℃ below zero in winter.

評(píng) 　“在零上多少度”要用above，不用over?！霸诹阆露嗌俣取币胋elow，不用under。

54　他用20美元買了一部收音機(jī)。

誤 　He bought a radio at twenty dollars.

正 　He bought a radio for twenty dollars.

評(píng) 　購(gòu)買某物，提到所付出的實(shí)際金額，用for。但如果論尺寸或重量講價(jià)，金額后有a meter, a dozen, a jin 等，則要用at。

55　她為一位老大爺補(bǔ)衣服。

誤 　She mended the clothes to an old man.

正 　She mended the clothes for an old man.

評(píng) 　mend/repair sth. for sb.意為“為某人修理／修補(bǔ)某物”，要用介詞for，不用to。

56　我不能用這樣的價(jià)格買這輛自行車。

誤 　I can not buy the bike for such a price.

正 　I can not buy the bike at such a price.

評(píng) 　指沒有確定、講妥的價(jià)格前，用at。

57　別為她的健康擔(dān)心。

誤 　Don't worry her health.

正 　Don't worry about her health.

評(píng) 　“為……擔(dān)心”要用worry about或be worried about。

58　教室的盡頭有一架鋼琴。

誤 　There is a piano in the end of the classroom.

正 　There is a piano at the end of the classroom.

59　我將在家一直待到下星期一。

誤 　I'll stay at home to next Monday.

正 　I'll stay at home till next Monday.

評(píng) 　till/until表示“直到”，用于時(shí)間。to用于距離、方向。

60　在去學(xué)校的路上，我看見了一只奇怪的鳥。

誤 　In the way to school I saw a strange bird.

正 　On the way to school I saw a strange bird.

評(píng) 　①“在去……的路上”要說on the way to。in the/sb.'s way表示“妨礙，擋住去路”。

61　一個(gè)小女孩站在我們辦公室的門口。

誤 　A little girl is standing to the door of our office.

正 　A little girl is standing at the door of our office.

評(píng) 　at表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)或位置。to表示從一地到另一地的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

62　她朝孩子們微笑著。

誤 　She smiled the children.

誤 　She smiled to the children.

正 　She smiled at the children.

評(píng) 　“朝……微笑”要說smile at，at不可省。同樣，“嘲笑某人”要說laugh at sb.。

63　我不懷疑他的能力。

誤 　I have no doubt for his ability.

正 　I have no doubt of his ability.

評(píng) 　have no doubt of/about表示“對(duì)……毫不懷疑”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

64　她經(jīng)常幫他學(xué)習(xí)英語。

誤 　She often helps him in his English study.

正 　She often helps him with his English study.

評(píng) 　“在某方面幫助別人”用with?！皫椭橙俗瞿呈隆背Ｓ胔elp sb. (to) do sth.。

65　這些鳥在朝同一方向飛翔。

誤 　These birds are flying to the same direction.

正 　These birds are flying in the same direction.

評(píng) 　“在／朝同一方向”要用in the same direction。

66　我將步行去那里，而不乘公共汽車。

誤 　I'll go there on foot instead by bus.

正 　I'll go there on foot instead of by bus.

評(píng) 　instead of意為“代替，頂替”，后可跟名詞、代詞、介詞短語等。

67　盜賊是從窗戶進(jìn)來的。

誤 　The thief got in from the window.

正 　The thief got in through the window.

評(píng) 　“從窗戶”意為“通過窗戶”，要用through，表示“穿窗而過”。

68　他從衣袋里拿出一個(gè)錢包。

誤 　He took a purse out from his pocket.

正 　He took a purse out of his pocket.

評(píng) 　“把某物從……中拿出來”要用take sth. out of。

69　他從下午就有空了。

誤 　He will be free from the afternoon.

正 　He will be free in the afternoon.

評(píng) 　這里的“從下午”表示“在下午”，要用in。

70　我同意你。

誤 　I agree you.

正 　I agree with you.

評(píng) 　agree是不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“同意某人／某人的話、安排”，要加with。

71　那貓?jiān)谕嬉恢缓淖印?/b>

誤 　That cat is playing a mouse.

正 　That cat is playing with a mouse.

評(píng) 　表示“玩弄”要用play with。

72　我為你的成功而感到高興。

誤 　I am glad with your success.

正 　I am glad of your success.

評(píng) 　可以說be glad of或be glad about，但glad后不可用with。

73　她聽見有人敲窗。

誤 　She heard someone knocking the window.

正 　She heard someone knocking at the window.

評(píng) 　表示“敲門／窗”要用knock at/on the door/the window。

74　他將離開南京去上海。

誤 　He is leaving Nanjing to Shanghai.

正 　He is leaving Nanjing for Shanghai.

評(píng) 　表示朝某個(gè)地方出發(fā)／去常用for，不用to。

75　昨天中午最熱。

誤 　It was the hottest in the noon yesterday.

正 　It was the hottest at noon yesterday.

評(píng) 　“在中午”要說at noon，noon前不可加定冠詞the。

76　他上學(xué)期數(shù)學(xué)考試不及格。

誤 　He failed from maths last term.

正 　He failed in maths last term.

評(píng) 　在某方面“失敗，不及格”要用fail in。

77　我已經(jīng)付了她100元錢。

誤 　I've paid for her 100 yuan .

正 　I've paid her 100 yuan .

評(píng) 　pay是及物動(dòng)詞，后直接跟某人，再接錢款。不能直接跟所買物品，要在前加for。

78　他嫉妒你的成功。

誤 　He is jealous for your success.

正 　He is jealous of your success.

評(píng) 　“對(duì)……嫉妒”要說be jealous of，為習(xí)慣搭配。

79　醫(yī)生們正在為一位病人動(dòng)手術(shù)。

誤 　The doctors are operating a sick man.

正 　The doctors are operating on a sick man.

評(píng) 　“為……動(dòng)手術(shù)”要用operate on/upon sb.。

80　他們以大米為主食。

誤 　They live with/from rice.

正 　They live on rice.

評(píng) 　live on/upon表示“靠……生活，以……為食”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

81　瓶子里盛滿了水。

誤 　The bottle is full with water.

正 　The bottle is full of water.

正 　The bottle is filled with water.

評(píng) 　表示“充滿，盛滿，擠滿”可用be full of或be filled with。

82　我以我的祖國(guó)自豪。

誤 　I am proud for my motherland.

正 　I am proud of my motherland.

評(píng) 　“對(duì)……感到自豪”應(yīng)說be proud of，為習(xí)慣搭配。

83　他們倆面面相覷。

誤 　They are looking each other.

正 　They are looking at each other.

評(píng) 　each other是相互代詞，通常作賓語，不可作狀語。

84　我對(duì)結(jié)果感到滿意。

誤 　I am satisfied for/to the result.

正 　I am satisfied with the result.

評(píng) 　表示“對(duì)……感到滿意”用be satisfied with，為習(xí)慣搭配。

85　請(qǐng)?jiān)谧值淅锊檫@個(gè)詞。

誤 　Please look for the word in the dictionary.

誤 　Please find the word in the dictionary.

正 　Please look up the word in the dictionary.

評(píng) 　“查尋”某詞或資料，要用look up，look for“尋找（人或物），find“找到”。

86　他的襯衫同我的很相似。

誤 　His shirt is quite similar with mine.

正 　His shirt is quite similar to mine.

評(píng) 　similar to表示“與……相似”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

87　我錯(cuò)把他當(dāng)成日本人了。

誤 　I mistook him as a Japanese.

正 　I mistook him for a Japanese.

評(píng) 　mistake A for B意為“把A錯(cuò)認(rèn)為B”，為習(xí)慣表達(dá)法，for不可改用as。

88　他能游過那條河。

誤 　He can swim cross the river.

正 　He can swim across the river.

評(píng) 　cross意為“穿過”，動(dòng)詞。across是介詞，同go, walk, swim, run等連用。

89　我喜歡這幅畫勝過那幅畫。

誤 　I prefer this picture over that picture.

正 　I prefer this picture to that picture.

評(píng) 　prefer...to表示“喜歡……勝過……”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

90　有一條穿過森林的小路。

誤 　There is a pass across the forest.

正 　There is a path through the forest.

評(píng) ?、賏cross指從某個(gè)平面上從一邊到另一邊。②through指從物體中間穿過。

91　那人因犯罪而受到了懲罰。

誤 　The man was punished with his crime.

正 　The man was punished for his crime.

評(píng) 　punish sb. for表示“因……懲罰某人”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

92　河上的那座橋是去年建成的。

誤 　The bridge on the river was built last year.

正 　The bridge over/across the river was built last year.

評(píng) 　over或across，表示“橫跨”。on表平面上接觸。

93　他用橘子款待朋友。

誤 　He treated his friends with oranges.

正 　He treated his friends to oranges.

評(píng) 　treat sb. to sth.表示“以某物款待某人”，為習(xí)慣搭配。

94　他指著那幅畫。

誤 　He pointed the picture.

正 　He pointed at/to the picture.

評(píng) 　point作動(dòng)詞表示“指向，指著”時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞，要同at/to連用。

95　老師講關(guān)于良好習(xí)慣的問題。

誤 　The teacher spoke for good habits.

正 　The teacher spoke about good habits.

評(píng) 　speak about意為“講到，說起”。speak for意為“為……說話／辯護(hù)”。

96　多虧獵人的幫助，他走出了森林。

誤 　Thanks for the hunter's help, he walked out of the forest.

正 　Thanks to the hunter's help, he walked out of the forest.

評(píng) 　thanks to“多虧，由于”，thanks for“感謝”。

97　我媽從上周五以來一直忙著。

誤 　My mother has been busy from last Friday.

正 　My mother has been busy since last Friday.

評(píng) 　since用在表示具體時(shí)間的詞和短語前。from后面也跟表示具體時(shí)間的詞，但常用于from...to或from...till結(jié)構(gòu)。

98　他把馬拴在樹上。

誤 　He tied the horse on a tree.

正 　He tied the horse to a tree.

評(píng) 　表示“把……拴／系／捆／在上”要用tie...to，為習(xí)慣搭配。

99　他們昨天進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)英語考試。

誤 　They had an examination of English yesterday.

正 　They had an examination in English yesterday.

評(píng) 　examination表“某學(xué)科的考試”，后用介詞in；表對(duì)某物的“檢查，審查”，后用of。

100　在吉姆的幫助下，杰克按時(shí)完成了那項(xiàng)工作。

誤 　Under Jim's help , Jack finished the work on time.

正 　With Jim's help , Jack finished the work on time.

評(píng) 　“在……幫助下”要說with sb.'s help或with the help of sb.。

101　湯姆在理發(fā)店。

誤 　Tom is in the barber's.

正 　Tom is at the barber's.

評(píng) 　表示“在某人家，在某個(gè)地點(diǎn)”用at。

102　他因公去了南京。

誤 　He has gone to Nanjing for business.

正 　He has gone to Nanjing on business.

評(píng) 　表示“因公出差，因商務(wù)出差”，要用on business。

103　他一直跑到大街的盡頭。

誤 　He ran till/until the end of the street.

正 　He ran to the end of the street.

評(píng) 　till和until表示“直到”，常用于指時(shí)間，不指距離。

104　他終于走出了森林。

誤 　He walked out of the forest at the end .

正 　He walked out of the forest in the end .

105　山腳下有一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

誤 　There is a farm under the foot of the hill.

正 　There is a farm at the foot of the hill.

評(píng) 　at the foot of...表示“在……腳下”，為固定搭配，不可用under。

106　人們通常簡(jiǎn)稱他Andy。

誤 　People usually call him Andy of short.

正 　People usually call him Andy for short.

評(píng) 　for short意為“簡(jiǎn)稱”，為習(xí)慣說法。

107　那男孩扔了一塊石頭打狗。

誤 　The boy threw a stone to the dog.

正 　The boy threw a stone at the dog.

評(píng) 　“扔／擲某物打……”用at，“把某物扔給……”用to。

108　今天的報(bào)紙上有一條重要新聞。

誤 　There is a piece of important news on today's newspaper.

正 　There is a piece of important news in today's newspaper.

評(píng) 　印在報(bào)紙上的內(nèi)容，用in。表示“在報(bào)紙上面”，用on。

109　她坐在她母親身邊。

誤 　She sat besides her mother.

正 　She sat beside her mother.

評(píng) 　beside表示“在……旁”。besides表示“除外……（還有）”。

110　她學(xué)習(xí)英語已經(jīng)3年了。

誤 　She has studied English since three years.

正 　She has studied English for three years.

評(píng) 　since同表示過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞或詞組連用。for同表示一段時(shí)間的詞或詞組連用。

111　他將在2小時(shí)后到達(dá)。

誤 　He will arrive after two hours.

正 　He will arrive in two hours.

評(píng) 　in后接一段時(shí)間。after后接一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

112　黃河是中國(guó)第二條最長(zhǎng)的河。

誤 　Huanghe River is the second longest river in China.

正 　The Huanghe River is the second longest river in China.

評(píng) 　表示河流、山脈的專有名詞前常用定冠詞。

113　午飯后我們?nèi)ビ斡景桑?/b>

誤 　Let's go for swim after lunch!

正 　Let's go for a swim after lunch!

評(píng) 　go for a swim（去游泳）為慣用短語，不定冠詞a不可省。

114　這些鳥冬天往南飛。

誤 　These birds fly south in the winter .

正 　These birds fly south in winter .

評(píng) 　spring, summer, autumn, winter單純表示季節(jié)時(shí)，不加定冠詞。

115　他們努力按時(shí)完成工作。

誤 　They made effort to finish the work on time.

正 　They made an effort to finish the work on time.

正 　They made efforts to finish the work on time.

評(píng) 　make an effort和make efforts均表示“努力”，但不可漏缺或誤用。

116　他生病住院了整整1個(gè)月。

誤 　He was in the hospital for a whole month.

正 　He was in hospital for a whole month.

評(píng) 　in hospital表示“（生?。┳≡骸保琯o to hospital表示“（生?。┤朐骸?。in the hospital表示“在醫(yī)院里”，指地點(diǎn)，go to the hospital表示“到那所醫(yī)院去”，但不一定住院。

117　這只鳥怎么了？

誤 　What's matter with the bird?

正 　What's the matter with the bird?

評(píng) 　what's the matter with...為常用句型，意為“怎么了，出了什么事”，定冠詞the不可省。

118　不要再犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。

誤 　Don't make same mistake again.

正 　Don't make the same mistake again.

評(píng) 　same前一般要加定冠詞the，或加this, that, these, those等。

119　士兵們排成一列。

誤 　The soldiers stood in a line .

正 　The soldiers stood in line .

評(píng) 　in line表示“成一直線，整齊”，不加不定冠詞。

120　這是一件有用的工具。

誤 　It is an useful tool.

正 　It is a useful tool.

評(píng) 　u是元音字母，但讀作［ju:］時(shí)，前面要用不定冠詞a。u發(fā)［?］時(shí)，前面用an。

121　今天是元旦。

誤 　Today is the New Year's Day .

正 　Today is New Year's Day .

評(píng) 　節(jié)日名稱前通常不加定冠詞。但中國(guó)的“春節(jié)”要說the Spring Festival。

122　他常在晚上散散步。

誤 　He usually takes a walk in evening .

正 　He usually takes a walk in the evening .

評(píng) 　“在晚上”要用in the evening?！霸谝估铩币胊t night，不加the。

123　瞧那月亮！多么明亮??！

誤 　Look at moon ! How bright it is!

誤 　Look at a moon ! How bright it is!

正 　Look at the moon ! How bright it is!

評(píng) 　moon, sun, earth, Milky Way（銀河）等表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物，前面通常要加定冠詞。

124　他們的房子在右邊。

誤 　Their house is on right .

正 　Their house is on the right .

評(píng) 　right和left等表示方位的習(xí)慣說法，定冠詞the不可省。right和left也可用作副詞，這時(shí)前面不加the。

125　他們?cè)诰蹠?huì)上玩得很愉快。

誤 　They had good time at the party.

正 　They had a good time at the party.

評(píng) 　have a good time意為“玩得愉快，過得好”，為慣用短語，不定冠詞a不可省。

126　我從沒見過這么高的山。

誤 　I have never seen a such high mountain.

正 　I have never seen such a high mountain.

評(píng) 　不定冠詞a/an要放在修飾名詞的such和what后。

127　學(xué)生們正在上課。

誤 　The students are in the class now.

正 　The students are in class now.

評(píng) 　“在上課，在課堂上”要說in class。in the class表示“在班級(jí)里”。

128　床上有一些玩具。

誤 　There are some toys in/on bed .

正 　There are some toys in/on the bed .

評(píng) 　表示“在床上”，要說in/on the bed；表示“臥病在床，躺在床上”要說in bed。

129　有位王先生在外面等你。

誤 　Mr. Wang is waiting for you outside.

正 　A Mr. Wang is waiting for you outside.

評(píng) 　這里用a表示“某一個(gè)”，指不知道王先生是哪一位，只知道姓王。

130　他在一所大學(xué)讀書。

誤 　He studies in an university.

正 　He studies in a university.

評(píng) 　u雖然是元音字母，但在university一詞中發(fā)音為［ju:］，［j］為輔音音素，故用a。

131　這是新學(xué)期的第一天。

誤 　It is first day of the new term.

正 　It is the first day of the new term.

評(píng) 　序數(shù)詞前一般要加定冠詞，但序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí)，則不用。

132　他們談了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

誤 　They talked for a hour.

正 　They talked for an hour.

評(píng) 　hour讀作[a??]，為元音音素開頭，故用an。

133　老師把課文又讀了一遍。

誤 　The teacher read the text the second time .

正 　The teacher read the text a second time .

評(píng) 　序數(shù)詞前可加不定冠詞a/an，表示“又（一），再（一）”。

134　上個(gè)月有一天我看見一只猴子。

誤 　A day last month I saw a monkey.

正 　One day last month I saw a monkey.

評(píng) 　“某一天，有一天”要用one day。a day表示“一天”的時(shí)間。

135　我每天早晨騎自行車上學(xué)。

誤 　I go to school by the bike every morning.

正 　I go to school by bike every morning.

正 　I go to school on a bike every morning.

評(píng) 　英語中表示使用某種交通工具的習(xí)慣說法是不加冠詞的。

136　他給了我一把小刀，這把小刀很鋒利。

誤 　He gave me a knife. A knife is very sharp.

正 　He gave me a knife. The knife is very sharp.

評(píng) 　第一次提到一個(gè)人或物用不定冠詞a/an，再提到時(shí)就要用定冠詞the。

137　橘子是橘黃色的。

誤 　Orange is orange.

正 　An orange is orange.

評(píng) 　a/an可以表示類別，還可用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

138　我昨晚10點(diǎn)鐘睡覺的。

誤 　I went to the bed at ten last night.

正 　I went to bed at ten last night.

評(píng) 　go to bed意為“睡覺，就寢”，表抽象概念。

139　我只有一支鋼筆，不能借給你。

誤 　I have only a pen. I can't lend it to you.

正 　I have only one pen. I can't lend it to you.

評(píng) 　數(shù)詞one強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，而不定冠詞a/an強(qiáng)調(diào)類別。

140　他們通常下午打籃球。

誤 　They usually play the basketball in the afternoon.

正 　They usually play basketball in the afternoon.

評(píng) 　表示球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前不用定冠詞。

141　那是琳達(dá)的書包。

誤 　That's the Linda's school-bag.

正 　That's Linda's school-bag.

評(píng) 　英語中的專有名詞前一般不可再加冠詞。

142　她在南方的一座小城里上學(xué)。

誤 　She is at the school in a small town in the south.

正 　She is at school in a small town in the south.

評(píng) 　at school意為“在上學(xué)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)在校學(xué)習(xí)，為固定短語，不可加the。

143　這兩位老人有時(shí)候下棋。

誤 　The two old men sometimes play the chess .

正 　The two old men sometimes play chess .

評(píng) 　游戲名詞前一般不加冠詞。

144　吉姆有一本圖畫書，但杰克有兩本圖畫書。

誤 　Jim has a picture book, but Jack has two.

正 　Jim has one picture book, but Jack has two.

評(píng) 　不定冠詞a，an和one均可表示“一個(gè)”，兩者有時(shí)可換用，但如果是表示數(shù)量的對(duì)比，則只能用one。

145　墻上有塊黑板。

誤 　There is the blackboard on the wall.

正 　There is a blackboard on the wall.

評(píng) 　表示泛指的單數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞a/an。

146　他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。

誤 　He is a honest man.

正 　He is an honest man.

評(píng) 　a用在以輔音音素開頭的名詞前；an用在以元音音素開頭的名詞前。

honest雖以h開頭，但h不發(fā)音，讀為[′?nIst]，故是元音音素[?]開頭，要用an。

147　有些學(xué)生考試不及格。

誤 　Some of students failed in the exam.

正 　Some of the students failed in the exam.

評(píng) 　some of/all of/each of/both of/one of+the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞／代詞，為常用表達(dá)法，指特定的范圍，有時(shí)the也可換成these或those。

148　那是什么？那是鳥。

誤 　What's that? That's bird .

正 　What's that? That's a bird .

評(píng) 　英語中的單數(shù)名詞，表示泛指前面要用不定冠詞a/an修飾。

149　他在那兒等了半個(gè)小時(shí)。

誤 　He waited there for half hour .

正 　He waited there for half an hour .

評(píng) 　“half a/an+名詞”表示“一半……”，為固定搭配。

150　她父親在美國(guó)工作。

誤 　Her father works in the America .

誤 　Her father works in USA .

正 　Her father works in America .

正 　Her father works in the USA .

評(píng) 　表示國(guó)名的專有名詞前不加定冠詞；但由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞，則要加定冠詞。