合同根據(jù)不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),有不同的分類(lèi)。狹義上,合同包括合同(contract)和協(xié)議(agreement)。廣義上,合同包括合同、協(xié)議,還有訂立正式合同之前當(dāng)事人之間已達(dá)成的有約束力或無(wú)約束力的法律文件,包括諒解備忘錄或合作備忘錄(memorandum of understanding)、框架性協(xié)議、意向性協(xié)議或合作意向書(shū)(heads of agreement或memorandum of agreement)、意向書(shū)(letter of intent)、初步協(xié)議(preliminary agreement)、君子協(xié)議(gentlemen's agreement)、訂單(order)、章程(article of association)等。
根據(jù)合同的法律特征,合同可以分為以下類(lèi)型:
1.主合同和從合同(principal contract and accessory contract)
2.要式合同與不要式合同(formal contract and informal contract)
3.口頭合同與書(shū)面合同(oral/parole contract and written contract)
4.要因與不要因合同(causative contract and non-causative contract)
5.單務(wù)合同與雙務(wù)合同(unilateral contract and bilateral contract)
6.無(wú)償合同與有償合同(gratuitous contract and onerous contract)
7.諾成合同與實(shí)踐合同(consensual contract and real contract)
8.可分合同與不可分合同(divisible contract and indivisible contract)
9.不可分合同與可分合同(entire contract and severable contract)
10.明示合同與隱含合同(express contract and implied contract)
11.可替換合同與獨(dú)立合同(commutative contract and independent contract)
12.確定合同與射幸合同(certain contract and hazardous contract)
13.已履行合同與待履行合同(executed contract and executory contract)
14.蓋印合同與非蓋印合同(simple contract and contract under seal)
15.準(zhǔn)合同(quasi contract)
16.推定合同(constructive contract)
17.附條件合同(conditional contract)
18.連帶合同(joint and several contract)
19.利他合同(altruistic contract)
20.無(wú)限制合同(open end contract)
21.投資合同(investment contract)
22.照本加成合同(cost-plus contract)
根據(jù)權(quán)利和義務(wù)關(guān)系的類(lèi)型作為劃分合同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),合同可分為下述類(lèi)型:
1.買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同(Sales contracts)
2.供用電、水、氣、熱力合同(Contracts for Supply of Power, Water, Gas or Heat)
3.贈(zèng)與合同(Gift contracts)
4.借款合同(Contracts for loan of money)
5.租賃合同(Leasing contracts)
6.融資租賃合同(Financial leasing contracts)
7.承攬合同(Work-for-hire contracts)
8.建設(shè)工程合同(Contracts for construction projects)
9.運(yùn)輸合同(Carriage contracts)
10.技術(shù)合同(Technology contracts)
11.保管合同(Safe-keeping contracts)
12.倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)合同(Warehousing contracts)
13.委托合同(Appointment contracts)
14.行紀(jì)合同(Trading trust contracts)
15.居間合同(Brokerage contracts)
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