考點3 賓語從句
賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及形容詞結(jié)構的賓語。賓語從句通常由連詞that和whether/if、連接代詞或連接副詞引導。
1. 賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序,即:連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。
Could you tell me when the train will leave? 你能告訴我火車何時出發(fā)嗎?
2. 賓語從句的時態(tài)
主句時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句時態(tài)根據(jù)實際情況使用。主句是過去時態(tài),從句須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時,即使主句是過去時,從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。
The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 校長希望一切進展順利。
She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
她為沒有按時完成作業(yè)感到抱歉。
The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
那位老師告訴他的學生光比聲音傳播的速度快。
3. 連接詞that
that引導賓語從句在句中無實際語義,且不充當句子成分,多數(shù)情況下可以省略。但如果從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。
He has told me(that)he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。
He said(that)you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.他說你太小,還不懂這件事情,而且他也被要求不準告訴你。
注意
① 在demand, order, suggest, decide, insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等語義的動詞后,賓語從句要用虛擬語氣,常用“(should)+動詞原形”的形式。
② 當主句謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, expect等詞,而賓語從句是否定含義時,常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句來表示。
I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that. 我認為他如此對你是不合適的。
4. 連接詞whether和if
在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用,但在下列情況下,只能用whether:① 在帶to的不定式前;② 在介詞的后面;③ 直接與or not連用時。
5. 形式賓語it
賓語從句太長,可以用形式賓語it代替。
① 動詞find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候,需要用it作形式賓語,而將that賓語從句后置。若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替。
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries every day. 我每天寫日記成了習慣。
We all find it important that we(should)make a quick decision about this matter.
我們都認為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要。
② enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等動詞后接that從句,if 從句或when引導的從句,通常應先在動詞后接it作形式賓語。
You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以說這是以前安排的。
He hates it when people use his bike. 他討厭別人用他的自行車。
I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.
如果你能幫助我做這事,我會十分感激。