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> 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 > 高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 >  第42篇

形容詞和副詞考點(diǎn) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

所屬教程:高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練

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2021年10月28日

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考點(diǎn)7 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中,動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),構(gòu)成“v.+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu),當(dāng)這個(gè)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),即原賓語(yǔ)成為句子主語(yǔ)時(shí),其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠?。(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

We will not be allowed to play on the street. 我們不被允許在街上玩耍。(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

1. 動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))+賓語(yǔ)+帶to的不定式(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后跟帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ),即:動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))+賓語(yǔ)+to do sth.

擁有這種結(jié)構(gòu)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有:advise, appoint, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。

2. 感官動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有3種形式,即動(dòng)詞原形(省略to 的不定式,變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要加上to)、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞?,F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行,過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成,動(dòng)詞原形表示主動(dòng)和完成。

(1)不帶to的不定式充當(dāng)感官動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。

I heard her sing an English song just now.

剛才我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她唱了一首英文歌。(省略to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

She was heard to sing an English song just now.

剛才她被聽(tīng)到唱了一首英文歌。(帶to的不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

(2)現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)感官動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。

I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.

昨天經(jīng)過(guò)她房間時(shí),我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在唱英文歌。(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

She was heard singing an English song by me when I passed by her room yesterday.

昨天我經(jīng)過(guò)她房間時(shí),她被我聽(tīng)到在唱英文歌。(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

(3)過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)感官動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。

I heard the English song sung many times.

我多次聽(tīng)到有人唱這首英文歌。(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

The English song was heard sung many times.

這首英文歌多次被聽(tīng)到唱。(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

3. 使役動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

常見(jiàn)使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have, get+賓語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

(1)let sb./sth. do 意為“讓某人/某物做……”。

Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.

讓他們留在教室里面自己做練習(xí)。

(2)make sb./sth. do 意為“使/讓某人/某物做……”,變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不定式需帶to。

The teacher made the students stay after class. 老師讓這些學(xué)生下課后留下來(lái)。

The students were made to stay after class. 這些學(xué)生被要求下課后留下來(lái)。

(3)make sb./sth. done 意為“讓/使某人或某事被……”。

He raised his voice to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓門(mén),以便讓自己被人聽(tīng)到。

Can you easily make yourself understood in English?

你能使用英文把意思表達(dá)清楚嗎?

(4)have sb./sth. do意為“讓某人或某物做……”。

She had her children cook dinner for her. 她讓孩子們?yōu)樗鲲垺?/p>

(5)have sb./sth. done 意為“讓某人/某事被……”。

I had my hair cut last Saturday. 上周六我理了發(fā)。

(6)get sb. to do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事”,注意to不可省略。

How can we get all the employees to arrive on time?

我們?nèi)绾尾拍茏屗袉T工都準(zhǔn)時(shí)抵達(dá)?

(7)get sb./sth. done意為“讓某人/某事被……”。

We’re getting our house painted this weekend. 我們這周末要請(qǐng)人粉刷房屋。

4. find/leave/keep+賓語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

動(dòng)詞find, leave, keep也可以接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

She found a wallet lying on the ground.

她發(fā)現(xiàn)一只錢(qián)包在地上。(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

They found the street lined with people.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)大街兩側(cè)都站著人。(過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

He measured the cloth and found it(to be)the exact size.

他量了一下布,發(fā)現(xiàn)大小正好合適。(不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),to be可省略)

For most of the day he can still be found working somewhere in the plant. 白天大部分時(shí)間人們還發(fā)現(xiàn)他在廠里某個(gè)地方工作。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),現(xiàn)在分詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

This method was found to be practicable.

大家發(fā)現(xiàn)這方法很可行。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

注意

不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示完成或狀態(tài)。

I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.(狀態(tài))

I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.(完成)

5. catch+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

catch可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),構(gòu)成catch sb. doing的結(jié)構(gòu),意為“撞見(jiàn)某人正在做某事”,其被動(dòng)形式為:sb. be caught doing sth。

Next time I catch you stealing from others’ pockets, I’ll turn you in to the police.

下次再讓我看到你偷別人口袋里的東西,我就把你送到警察局。(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

She was caught cheating in the exam. 她考試作弊被抓到了。(作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

6. with+賓語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

(1)“with+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”通常表示不定式動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生或在當(dāng)時(shí)看來(lái)尚未發(fā)生。

With all this work to do, I won’t have time to go out.

有這么多工作要做,我就沒(méi)有時(shí)間出去了。

(2)“with+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞”指動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或在當(dāng)時(shí)看來(lái)已是一種在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。

He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡著了,燈還亮著。

注意

正如進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)意義一樣,有時(shí)“現(xiàn)在分詞”也可表示將來(lái)意義。

With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.

冬天就要到了,該買(mǎi)暖和衣裳了。

(3)“with+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”指與其前的名詞或代詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

She sat with her head bent. 她低著頭坐在那里。

7. 不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)

一些動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,后面常接不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),構(gòu)成如下結(jié)構(gòu):

Sb./Sth.+be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done.例如:

Shakespeare is considered to be one of the greatest writers.

莎士比亞被認(rèn)為是最偉大的作家之一。

(=It is considered that Shakespeare is one of the greatest writers.)

He was said to have been cheated in the street. 據(jù)說(shuō),他在大街上被騙了。

(=It was said that he has been cheated in the street.)


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