英語修辭與寫作·23.3 建議與可行性報告
23.3 建議與可行性報告
23.3A 建議報告
1） 一項建議（Proposal）是針對某個（方面的）問題提出的解決方案，并請有關方面批準實施。建議有口頭的，有書面的；有屬于工作任務的，也有屬于以出售為目的的。我們這里討論的是書面建議的寫作。
2） 在建議的準備過程中，應制訂寫作計劃，首先要對問題對象加以分析，抓住如何提出問題，如何解決及實施計劃等關鍵環(huán)節(jié)進行必要的調(diào)查研究，結(jié)合評估的方式及要求，使用明確、適度和富于說服力的語言去寫。
3） 建議有嚴格的格式要求，通常由Transmittal Letter, Title Page, Table of Contents把讀者引入建議的具體內(nèi)容。
4） Transmittal Letter向讀者非常禮貌地介紹建議的主題，有時簡述要點，并向有關人士和方面致意。
5） Title Page的基本格式如下：（TITLE）
(TITLE)
A PROPOSAL
for
Company or Person's Name
Address
by
Writer or Company's Name
Address
Date
Abstract:
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Approved by_______________ Date_______________
說明：若篇幅不夠，可將Abstract另打一頁，放在Title Page之后。
6） 篇幅在5頁以上的建議，須有“目錄”（Table of Contents），基本格式如下：
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract....................................................................i
List of Illustrations.......................................................ii
Introduction................................................................1
Problem Statement...............................................1
Proposed Solution................................................4
Project Scope.............................................................5
Schedule....................................................................6
Budget.......................................................................7
Hardware............................................................7
Personnel...........................................................8
Appendices.........................................................
Appendix A:.........................................................9
Appendix B:.........................................................10
幾點說明：
a. 若封面上已有摘要，則這里的Abstract一項刪去，List of Illustrations亦可從略。另外，例中的頁碼僅作示范，并非固定不變。
b. 在Introduction部分一方面要突出建議的價值和可行性，另一方面要實事求是，既不否認可能存在消極因素，又不靠嘩眾取寵的言詞來推銷自己的主張，而是力求靠邏輯和事實說話，如對Problem不要言過其實，對Solution要留有余地。這里還可分析一下以前的一些解決辦法，恰如其分地肯定成績和指出不足之處，并突出現(xiàn)在建議辦法的科學依據(jù)。
c. 在Project Scope部分應首先說明這是對未來情況的設想，同時陳述設想的依據(jù)。
d. 在Schedule部分應較具體地列出工作任務，誰去承擔，完成該項工作任務的意義、困難、可能性及大體時間表。
e. Budget要建立在科學預測及反復測算的基礎之上。其中Personnel項既要說明工作量，又要事先考察清楚勞動力的來源，工具及配套設施的安排，骨干力量的素質(zhì)和數(shù)量，是否需要培訓，需要時怎樣安排，培訓人員的來源、報酬、工作環(huán)境，等等。
f. Appendices可能一個或數(shù)個，也可能一個也不需要。
7） 讀者對象（audience或readers）是任何寫作中都應研究的問題，寫建議報告這類勸導式文章時尤其要注意。以下幾點可供研究時參考：
a. 列出所有的讀者對象，分析哪些是最主要的讀者，哪些人次之，建議報告同哪些人關系最直接、最重要，從而確定主要的讀者群。
b. 分析主要讀者群的狀況，如他們的年齡、文化程度、工作任務、性別、國籍、籍貫，對建議數(shù)的需要和發(fā)言權等。
c. 考慮建議報告作者同讀者之間的諸種關系，如本業(yè)務圈里有多少人？圈外人多少？這樣，作者就容易判斷出多少人會有共同語言，多少人會難以接受，還應對比作者同讀者在年齡、文化程度、價值觀和生活及工作經(jīng)驗等方面的情況，然后確定從什么角度去寫、采用哪些資料、使用什么樣的表達方式能產(chǎn)生最好的勸說效果。
23.3B 可行性報告
1） 在進行一項重大工程建設、改革或?qū)嶒烅椖恐岸夹枰_展可行性研究（Feasibility Study）, 并提出可行性報告（Feasibility Report），內(nèi)容為研究的結(jié)果和一系列看法和建議。同前面23.3A討論的Proposal比較，兩者的共同點是都涉及工作量、經(jīng)費、成果預測等，區(qū)別在于：Feasibility Study是由某部門或個人根據(jù)形勢需要而安排的一項專題研究，其報告作為決策的參考，而Proposal可能是某個人或組織根據(jù)現(xiàn)實存在的難題提出的分析解決方法，提請有關部門批準并可作為商品出售，還有時幾個不同的Proposals投標，彼此競爭，力求有關部門或個人采納。
2） 可行性報告一般包括下述幾項內(nèi)容：
Cover Letter
Title page
Abstract
Table of contents
List of illustrations
Introduction
Discussion
Criteria
Possible solutions
Conclusion / Recommendation
Appendix
3） 可行性報告寫作中應注意的幾個問題：
a. 從Cover Letter到Introduction的各項以及Appendix都和Proposal中的相應項目的寫法一致。
b. 由于可行性報告往往涉及幾種選擇方案，作者必須通過踏實的調(diào)查研究深入了解每種選擇，收集每項選擇的有關資料，并使用一致的參照標準去分析和比較各種方案，包括使用圖表和數(shù)據(jù)。例如在一份有關購置一套文字處理設備的可行性報告中，作者首先把5種可供考慮的設想歸納成兩種較佳方案，接著從Advantages, Disadvantages和Summary等3個方面加以對照說明，然后提出作者的Recommendation，層次分明，瓜熟蒂落。
c. 一般說來，作者不必直接提出自己的結(jié)論和建議，但同時又要有自己的見解，即通過調(diào)查研究得出的必然結(jié)論，只是在寫作方法上主要是依靠資料對比和邏輯分析表達作者的看法，讓讀者作出判斷；如果作者提出建議，注意文字上既要明白曉暢，又要準確適度，不夸張，不含糊，具有說服力（而非誘惑力）。
4） 可行性報告有一定的格式，下面是從一份可行性報告中摘出的幾個部分：
a. Cover Letter
1209 Parrett Street
Richmond, VA 23201
39858
Mr. William Philpot, Headmaster
Third High School
921 Third Avenue
Richmond, VA 23201
Dear Mr. Philpot:
Enclosed is the study I discussed for computerizing certain of the Third High School's office procedures. My recommendation is included.
I will call on Monday to answer questions or arrange a meeting to discuss anything in the report.
Thank you for the opportunity to evaluate the need for a computerized system. It helped me in my school work. I hope it helps you and your committee decide how to make certain office functions easier and more efficient for the staff.
Sincerely
（Signature）
Phyllis Rabb
b. Title page
STUDY TO COMPUTERIZE OFFICE PROCEDURES
PRESENTED TO
THIRD HIGH SCHOOL
728 THIRD AVENUE
RICHMOND，VA 23201
SUBMITTED BY
PHYLLIS RABB
COMPUTER SCIENCE SENIOR
1209 Parrets Street
Richmond, VA23201
39858
c. Abstracts from the text: PP.209－213
STUDY: TO DECIDE IF THIRD HIGH SCHOOL
SHOULD COMPUTERIZE CERTAIN OFFICE OPERATIONS〖ZK）〗
INTRODUCTION
...
DISCUSSION
...
練習二十三?。‥xercise Twenty-Three）
I. Preview Questions:
1. Can you tell the three characteristics of technical writing?
2. Can you tell some of the common technical writings?
3. What are the basic contents in a résumé?
4. How do you address the receiver of your letter if you don't know the person's sexual distinction?
5. What does a Proposal refer to in technical writing?
6. Can you tell the difference between Feasibility Study and Feasibility Report?
7. What advantages and troubles have you come across in writing with a computer?
II. Read the following and comment the points stated:
A decade ago it was popular to talk about writing as a linear activity. The writer was seen as someone who first prewrote an outline and some ideas, then wrote a first draft of the whole work, and later rewrote, correcting mistakes and polishing style. People who wrote about composition saw the writer as someone who performed these steps independently and in an orderly manner.
Today the trend is to talk about writing as a process. The writer is still seen engaging in a series of actions to bring about the finished document, but no longer is it thought that the series is sequential or neatly separated and orderly. Instead, writing is perceived as a volatile activity.
Those of you majoring in scientific or technical fields are familiar with processes and thus should find it easy to think of writing in the same way. In doing so, you lower your expectations of learning to write quickly and definitely and accept the idea of writing as a progression — an ongoing series of actions that bring about the end result of writing effectively.
Technical writing is not written for the writer's exclusive pleasure or as a forum for one's private thoughts. Instead, technical writing presents a specific subject to an understood audience that is reading for a particular purpose. The interwoven dependency of subject and audience is one of technical writing's distinguishing characteristics and one reason technical writers must prepare before writing. Rarely is the wholeness of a good technical document achieved by accident, for although no set of rules or formulas guarantees good writing, writing is by no means so mysterious that little can be said about it or learned. Constant reading and conscientious practice will help you make progress and achieve success in this field.
III. Write a memorandum with the following data:
1. The date is December 4, 2000.
2. The memo is from Linda Prater, R. N., Director of Surgery/Emergency Nursing.
3. The memo is to inform Department Heads, Directors of Nursing and Head Nurses that Susan Kern, R. N., is now Head Nurse over Emergency and FlightHelp, and that Janet Sims, R. N., has been appointed as Chief Flight Nurse （Assistant Head Nurse） of FlightHelp and will report to Susan.
4. The memo is signed by Linda Prater and typed by Florak Manson.
IV. Revise the draft of the following résumé of a student:
RESUME
CATHI ANN CRABTREE
300 S. Frederick Street
Evansville, Indiana 47714
Phone: （812） 477－5941
Objective Mechanical engineering design position, preferably with a variety of projects.
Education UNIVERSITY OF EVANSVILLE EVANSVILLE, INDIANA
1992—1998 Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering in May 1986. GPA of 3.14 on 4.0 scale.
President's Scholarship recipient.
Employment
1992—Present FINE & HATFIELD EVANSVILLE, INDIANA Word Processor Operator
1988—1990 REIS MOBILE CATERING SERVICE, INDIANA Waitress, earned 75% of college expenses.
College
Activities Four-year member of Society of Automotive Engineers. Secretary sophomore year. Four-year member of American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Participant in Society of Automotive Engineers' Mini Baja competition in sophomore and senior years.
References Personal references available upon request.
V. Revise the draft of the following application letter.
1264 Washington Street, Apt. A
Evansville, IN 47715
39030
Mr. John Burdette
Personnel Superintendent
SHW Industries Inc., Midwest Division
Denver, CO 80201
Dear Mr. Burdette:
Thank you for interviewing with me at Southwestern University on Tuesday, November 4. I enjoyed talking with you and watching the SHW video presentation. I am impressed with the company and would like to see one of the plants or the corporate headquarters.
During the interview, I mentioned that RD at corporate would be my initial preference. However, I am very flexible and I wanted to add that the small plant setting sounds appealing as well. This is because I enjoy developing good working relationships with plant people I've found I can gain the respect of these folks because I care about their opinions and will listen to their ideas verses just blowing them off because they don't have a “formal” education.
In any case, SHW sounds like a company that works with its people so they are both productive and happy. So I'm confident that if and when I have a opportunity to be employed by SHW, the initial job direction will not make or break my career.
Thanks again for coming to Southwestern and I hope to see you again.
Sincerely,
（signature）
Alan Wolfinger
參考答案
EXERCISE TWENTY-THREEⅢ.
MEMORANDUM
TO: Department Heads
Directors of Nursing
Head Nurses
FROM: Linda Prater, R.N.
Director of Surgery/Emergency Nursing
DATE: December 4,2000
Susan Kern, R. N., is now Head Nurse over Emergency and Flight Help.
Janet Sims, R. N., has been appointed as Chief Flight Nurse （Assistant Head Nurse） of FlightHelp and will report to Susan.
Please join with me in congratulating Susan and Janet in their new positions.
LP: fm
Ⅳ.
RESUME
CATHI ANN CRABTREE
300 S. Frederick Street
Evansville, Indiana 47714
Phone: （812）477-5941
Objective Working as a mechanical engineer.
Education University of Evansville Evansville, Indiana
1992—1998 Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering in May 1998.
Senior design project with Naval Weapons Support Center, Crane, Indiana;nominated for Most Outstanding 1998 Mechanical Engineering Senior Design Project Award; President's Scholarship recipient.
Employment Fine & Hatfield, Attorneys Evansville, Indiana
1992-Present Word Processor Operator: Lanier One-Step Word Processor； handled confidential information； assisted in training new word processor operators； trusted with securing of entire office building on a weekly basis （consists of possession of keys to main entrance and security alarm system）.
College Mini Baja competition participant;
Activities Society of Automotive Engineers, four-year member, Secretary sophomore year.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, four-year member.
References Personal references available upon request.
Contact: Cathi Ann Crabtree at above address.
V.
1264 Washington Street, Apt.A
Evansville, IN 47715
39030
Mr. John Burdette
Personnel Superintendent
SHW Industries Inc., Midwest Division
Denver, CO 80201
Dear Mr. Burdette:
Thank you for interviewing me at Southwestern University on Tuesday, November 4. I enjoyed talking with you and was impressed by the SHW video presentation.
During the interview, I mentioned that Research and Development at corporate headquarters would be my initial preference. However, I am very flexible and want to add that the small plant setting sounds appealing as well because I enjoy developing good working relationships with plant people. I have found through my co-op experience that because I care about their opinions and will listen to their ideas, I gain their respect.
In any case, SHW sounds like a company that works with its people so they are both productive and happy. I am confident that if and when employed by SHW, whether placed in a headquarters or plant setting, I will learn and be a productive, useful employee.
Thank you for interviewing me at the university. I hope to see you again.
Sincerely,
Alan Wolfinger
