44　不定式的語態(tài)　Track42

 

（1）一般來講，在句中若出現(xiàn)了不定式動作的執(zhí)行者時，則不定式用主動形式。若沒有執(zhí)行者或不定式所修飾的成分是不定式動作的承受者，則不定式用被動形式。
請比較：

 
更多例句：
a.I have a lot of clothes to wash .（由I來wash，I是動作的執(zhí)行者）
b.The box is too heavy for me to carry .
c.She doesn't like to be treated as a distinguished guest.（She是動作treat的承受者）
d.No one hoped to be laughed at like that.
e.These sheets are to be washed .
f.This form is to be filled out in ink.
g.It's an honor for me to be invited to address the international conference.
h.It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings.（不定式作主語）
經(jīng)常有人提醒自己注意缺點，這是必要的。
i.She asked to be given an easy assignment.（作賓語）
她要求分給她一份輕松點的活兒。
j.He wanted the letter to be delivered at once.（作賓補）
他想讓信件立即發(fā)出。
k.She was too old to be assigned such work.（作狀語）
她年紀大了，不適宜做這份工作。
l.It is known that electrical and chemical energy began _________systematically in the last century.
A. study
B. to study
C. to be studied
D. studied
正確答案：C。
m.Mr. Johnson preferred_________heavier work to do.
A. to be given
B. to be giving
C. to have given
D. having given
正確答案：A。
（2）形容詞后邊的不定式通常用不定式的主動形式來表示被動意思。
a.English is difficult to speak .
b.Relativity theory is hard to understand .
c.The box is too heavy to move .
d.The sentence was difficult to translate .
e.This magazine is interesting to read . = I found the magazine interesting to read .
（3） to let（出租），to blame（責備）
這兩個短語是固定用法，主動形式表示被動意思。
a.You should be to blame for it.　你應該因此受到責備。
b.The house is to let .　此房出租。
（4）不定式完成被動式及雙重被動結(jié)構(gòu)
完成被動式：
a.The book is said to have been published.
b.The construction is reported to have been completed.
雙重被動式：
c.The book is said to have been published.
d.The construction is reported to have been completed.
e.The book is not allowed to be taken out of the library.
比較：（單一被動結(jié)構(gòu)）
f.You are not allowed to smoke here.
g.You are not allowed to take the exam paper out of the classroom.
可用于這種雙重被動結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：
allow　announce　attempt　believe　desire　enable
expect　intend　mean　order　permit　propose
report　say
h.The Bunsen burner is so named because it is thought to_________by Robert Bunsen, who was German by birth.
A. be invented
B. have been invented
C. have invented
D. invent
正確答案：B。
i.The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________in broad daylight yesterday.
A. to be robbed
B. to have been robbed
C. being robbed
D. having been robbed
正確答案：B。