19 in which to do結(jié)構(gòu) Track19
“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”這一定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu),可以簡(jiǎn)化成不定式。請(qǐng)比較:
a.The farmer used wood to build a house in which he could store grains.
b.The farmer used wood to build a house in which to store grains.
進(jìn)一步簡(jiǎn)化為:
c.The farmer used wood to build a house to store grains in.
用這一結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)我們應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1)若沒(méi)有與關(guān)系代詞搭配的介詞,我們不能采用這一結(jié)構(gòu)。
I can't think of anybody whom to invite.*
2)有介詞和關(guān)系代詞,不能將介詞置于句末。
The farmer used wood to build a house which to store grains in .*
3) "介詞+關(guān)系代詞”不能用一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞來(lái)替換。
The farmer used wood to build a house where to store grains.*
再看下例:
a.We moved to the country so that the kids would have a garden ______.
A. in which to play
B. to play with
C. to play in
D. to play
E. where to play
F. which to play
G. which to play in
正確答案:A,C。
b.The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds_________his arguments in favor of the new theory.
A. to be based on
B. to base on
C. which to base on
D. on which to base
正確答案:D。
思考與總結(jié):
1)本節(jié)三種判斷關(guān)系代詞前面的介詞的方法,以第一、第二種方法最常用。
2)如何決定用第一種方法還是用第二種方法關(guān)鍵要熟悉各種短語(yǔ)的介詞搭配,這是前提。
① 如果先行詞是普通的名詞(如book沒(méi)有什么介詞與其構(gòu)成固定的搭配),則一般可考慮采用第一種方法:分析與定語(yǔ)從句中的某個(gè)動(dòng)詞、形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成固定搭配的介詞。例如:
He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.
② 對(duì)于較為特殊的先行詞,如上文提到的extent (to the extent),means (by the means),ease (with ease),rate (at the rate),pace (at the pace)等,則可考慮第二種方法:選擇與先行詞構(gòu)成固定搭配的介詞。
3)介詞的位置。
① 與動(dòng)詞和形容詞搭配的介詞:可前置(置于關(guān)系代詞前),也可后置(分別緊跟在動(dòng)詞或形容詞后面)。但若將介詞后置,即置于定語(yǔ)從句中,則句子顯得較為松散,所以最好還是前置,使句子緊湊。
② 其他情形的介詞一般都只能前置(所使用的介詞要放在which,whom或whose的前面)。