14　where的用法　Track14

 

（1） where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作狀語(yǔ)，其前邊的先行詞必須是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如place，house等。
a.Do you know any place where I can buy Clint's grammar book?
b.Do you know any place at which I can buy Clint's grammar book?
c.Do you know any place that I can buy Clint's grammar book?*
d.Do you know any place I can buy Clint's grammar book?*
e.This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.
f.This is the restaurant where I often have my breakfast.
g.— Since you work in the theater, can't you get me a free ticket now and then?
— Certainly if you bring me a few notes now and then from the bank where you work!
（2）注意：與when類(lèi)似，并非凡是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞，都得由where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，這需要看關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。若定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，要用which或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
a.This is the town which I told you about before.
which作about的賓語(yǔ)。
b.The library where students often study was on fire last night.
c.The library, which was built in the 1930s, needs to be renovated.
d.I've never been to Beijing, but it's the place _________.
A. where I'd like to visit
B. in which I'd like to visit
C. I most want to visit
D. that I want to visit it most
正確答案：C。
分析：這句話的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)visit缺賓語(yǔ)，因此填入的關(guān)系詞要充當(dāng)這一賓語(yǔ)，故關(guān)系詞可為which或that，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省去，所以選C。
（3） where的先行詞可以是含有地點(diǎn)意義的抽象名詞，如situation，point等。
a.Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low.
如果利益重大而且被人發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能性又很小，在這種情況下，欺詐行為最有可能發(fā)生。
b.He has reached the point where a change is needed.
他已到了需要改弦易轍的地步。
c.The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
d.We may encounter situations_________this principle cannot be applied.
A. where
B. which
C. what
D. as
正確答案：A。
分析：原句本來(lái)應(yīng)是We may encounter situations which this principle cannot be applied to . 句末的介詞通常要置于關(guān)系代詞前邊（關(guān)于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”，見(jiàn)本章第四節(jié)），所以原句可改成：
We may encounter situations to which this principle cannot be applied .
進(jìn)而變成：
We may encounter situations where this principle cannot be applied .
所以選A。
（4）區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。
若是定語(yǔ)從句，則where前邊必然有被修飾的地點(diǎn)名詞；若where前邊沒(méi)有被修飾的名詞則視為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)比較：

 
需要注意的是：只有定語(yǔ)從句中的where才能轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞+ which”的結(jié)構(gòu)，而地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句中的where不能。請(qǐng)比較：
a.Would you please put the book where it belongs?　請(qǐng)把書(shū)放回原處。
b.Would you please put the book to which it belongs? *
a句為where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，而非定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)閣here前的名詞book不是表示地點(diǎn)，即where前面沒(méi)有先行詞。