48 將來完成時(shí)動(dòng)作開始的時(shí)間 Track 048
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),是以“現(xiàn)在”為坐標(biāo)時(shí)間,來描述開始于現(xiàn)在之前(即過去)的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。過去完成時(shí),是以“過去”為坐標(biāo)時(shí)間,來描述開始于過去某一時(shí)刻之前(即過去的過去)的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到過去這一時(shí)刻。同理,將來完成時(shí),是以“將來”為坐標(biāo)時(shí)間,來表示開始于將來之前(可能是過去、現(xiàn)在或將來)的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到將來。注意,這里說動(dòng)作開始于“將來之前”,意味著動(dòng)作開始的時(shí)間可能是:①過去某一時(shí)刻;②現(xiàn)在某一時(shí)刻;③將來某一時(shí)刻。但動(dòng)作開始的時(shí)間并不重要,關(guān)鍵是說話人要站在將來的某一時(shí)間來談某一動(dòng)作的完成情況。例如:
We will have taken five exams by next Friday.
到下個(gè)星期五之前,我們將完成五門考試。
1) 我們可能是昨天開始考試的:We started our exams yesterday and we will have taken five exams by next Friday.
2) 我們可能是今天開始考試的:We have started our exams today and we will have taken five exams by next Friday.
3) 我們也可能是明天才開始考試:We will start our exams tomorrow and we will have taken five exams by next Friday.
但具體是哪一天開始的并不重要,說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他們“星期五前要完成五門考試”。