16 先行詞指人，用關(guān)系代詞who/whom Track 016
16 先行詞指人，用關(guān)系代詞who/whom Track 016
（1）先行詞指人時用who/whom
先看一個簡單句：
The woman is a famous dancer and she lives next door.
這位女士是一名著名的舞蹈演員，她就住在我家隔壁。
上述簡單句中有一個重復(fù)元素：she就指代the woman，這是兩句之間的交叉點(diǎn)，而通過這個交叉點(diǎn)就可以建立起兩句之間的關(guān)系，所以定語從句也稱為關(guān)系從句 (relative clause)。我們現(xiàn)在要用she lives next door來作定語修飾the woman，告訴對方哪個woman是舞蹈演員。而在定語從句中，指代人的關(guān)系詞用who。前面說過關(guān)系詞既有代詞的作用又起著連詞的作用，因此，上句可改寫成：
The woman is a famous dancer who（=and she） lives next door.
定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的名詞后邊。因此，上句又可進(jìn)一步寫成：
The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer.
到此，一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的定語從句制造完畢！關(guān)系詞who既指代先行詞the woman，同時又在從句中作主語。
例句
a. Friendship is a very difficult thing. It is hard to handle. It creates many different problems. In fact I would say that friendship is as hard to handle as love is, or even marriage. Of course I am not talking about easy-comeeasy-go friendship. I’m talking about friends who care deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living. I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
b. Anger is a thief who steals away the nice moments.
憤怒是一個偷走美好時光的竊賊。
c. He who is not handsome at twenty, nor strong at thirty, nor rich at forty,nor wise at fifty, will never be handsome, strong, rich, or wise.
一個人若20歲不俊美、30歲不健壯、40歲不富有、50歲不睿智，那么他將永遠(yuǎn)也不會擁有這些。
d. There is this difference between happiness and wisdom: the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so; but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool.
幸福與智慧區(qū)別于此：認(rèn)為自己最幸福的人，那他真的就是最幸福的；而認(rèn)為自己最智慧的人，卻往往是最大的傻瓜。
e. The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page.
世界猶如一本書，而那些從不出門旅行的人僅僅讀了這本書的一頁。
（2）who和whom的區(qū)別
1）who在定語從句中可作主語、賓語或表語，但who之前不可用介詞（如不能說with who，只能說with whom）。
a. I like the people who I work with.（who作介詞with的賓語。）
我很喜歡同我一起工作的那些人。
b. I like the people with whom I work.
c. I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
我說的是那些幾乎可以分享一切的朋友。
d. I’m talking about friends with whom you can share almost everything.e. I think you should stay faithful to the person who you’re married to.
我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該對你的配偶忠誠。
f.I think you should stay faithful to the person to whom you’re married.
2）whom在定語從句中不能作主語，但可作賓語或表語。
a. A rich person is not one who has the most, but is one who needs the least.（不用…one whom has…）
一個人富有，并不是因為他擁有最多，而是因為他需要最少。
b. Only the people have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.
只有有耐心圓滿完成簡單工作的人，才能夠輕而易舉地完成困難的工作。
A.whom
B.who
正確答案：B。
先看一個簡單句：
The woman is a famous dancer and she lives next door.
這位女士是一名著名的舞蹈演員，她就住在我家隔壁。
上述簡單句中有一個重復(fù)元素：she就指代the woman，這是兩句之間的交叉點(diǎn)，而通過這個交叉點(diǎn)就可以建立起兩句之間的關(guān)系，所以定語從句也稱為關(guān)系從句 (relative clause)。我們現(xiàn)在要用she lives next door來作定語修飾the woman，告訴對方哪個woman是舞蹈演員。而在定語從句中，指代人的關(guān)系詞用who。前面說過關(guān)系詞既有代詞的作用又起著連詞的作用，因此，上句可改寫成：
The woman is a famous dancer who（=and she） lives next door.
定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的名詞后邊。因此，上句又可進(jìn)一步寫成：
The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer.
到此，一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的定語從句制造完畢！關(guān)系詞who既指代先行詞the woman，同時又在從句中作主語。
例句
a. Friendship is a very difficult thing. It is hard to handle. It creates many different problems. In fact I would say that friendship is as hard to handle as love is, or even marriage. Of course I am not talking about easy-comeeasy-go friendship. I’m talking about friends who care deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living. I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
b. Anger is a thief who steals away the nice moments.
憤怒是一個偷走美好時光的竊賊。
c. He who is not handsome at twenty, nor strong at thirty, nor rich at forty,nor wise at fifty, will never be handsome, strong, rich, or wise.
一個人若20歲不俊美、30歲不健壯、40歲不富有、50歲不睿智，那么他將永遠(yuǎn)也不會擁有這些。
d. There is this difference between happiness and wisdom: the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so; but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool.
幸福與智慧區(qū)別于此：認(rèn)為自己最幸福的人，那他真的就是最幸福的；而認(rèn)為自己最智慧的人，卻往往是最大的傻瓜。
e. The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page.
世界猶如一本書，而那些從不出門旅行的人僅僅讀了這本書的一頁。
（2）who和whom的區(qū)別
1）who在定語從句中可作主語、賓語或表語，但who之前不可用介詞（如不能說with who，只能說with whom）。
a. I like the people who I work with.（who作介詞with的賓語。）
我很喜歡同我一起工作的那些人。
b. I like the people with whom I work.
c. I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
我說的是那些幾乎可以分享一切的朋友。
d. I’m talking about friends with whom you can share almost everything.e. I think you should stay faithful to the person who you’re married to.
我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該對你的配偶忠誠。
f.I think you should stay faithful to the person to whom you’re married.
2）whom在定語從句中不能作主語，但可作賓語或表語。
a. A rich person is not one who has the most, but is one who needs the least.（不用…one whom has…）
一個人富有，并不是因為他擁有最多，而是因為他需要最少。
b. Only the people have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.
只有有耐心圓滿完成簡單工作的人，才能夠輕而易舉地完成困難的工作。
A.whom
B.who
正確答案：B。
