subject+link verb+subject complement
句型特點(diǎn):句中謂語一般是be動(dòng)詞或其他系動(dòng)詞,主語補(bǔ)足語也稱作表語。
(1)最常見的是形容詞、名詞(短語)作表語
a. He looks unhappy.
他看起來不高興。
b. The leaf will turn yellow in autumn.
樹葉秋天會(huì)變黃。
c. I’ve got to return the book this afternoon; it falls overdue a week.
今天下午我得還書,已經(jīng)過期一個(gè)星期了。
d. The best proof of love is trust.
愛的最好證明是信任。
e. Bread is the stuff of life.
民以食為天。
(2)也可以用介詞短語作表語
Beauty is
in the eye of the beholder.
情人眼里出西施。
(3)副詞不能用作表語
He looks happily.*
[1]
(4)在英語中,除了be以外,還有其他系動(dòng)詞
1)常見的單純表示主語的特征、狀態(tài)的:
feel look sound taste smell seem appear
a. The iron feels hot.
這熨斗摸起來很燙。
b. The rose doesn’t smell very sweet.
這玫瑰花聞起來不是很香。
2)表示主語由一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài)的(這些系動(dòng)詞與形容詞連用,通常具有固定的搭配關(guān)系):
become grow get turn fall go come
a. Our supplies of sugar and rice fell short.
我們的糖和米供應(yīng)不足。
b. The jokes fell flat.
這個(gè)玩笑毫無效果。
c. fall asleep 睡著; fall due 到期
d. go hungry 挨餓; go sour 變酸; go wrong 出錯(cuò)
e. Hope your dreams will come true.
希望你好夢成真。
f.The leaf will turn yellow in autumn.
樹葉秋天會(huì)變黃。
g. I’ve got to return the book this afternoon; it falls overdue a week.
今天下午我得還書,已經(jīng)過期一個(gè)星期了。
3)常見的表示主語保持某種狀態(tài)的:
continue remain stay keep hold rest prove
a. The weather continued fine for several days.
那幾天,天氣一直很晴朗。
b. He held silent for the whole day.
他一整天都沉默不語。
c. He has fallen into the habit of doing morning exercises to stay_healthy.
(不能說stay healthily*,因?yàn)楦痹~不能作表語。)
為了保持身體健康,他養(yǎng)成了晨練的習(xí)慣。
d. You may rest assured that he will come to the party.
盡管放心,他會(huì)來參加聚會(huì)的。
4)常見的近似于不及物動(dòng)詞的系動(dòng)詞(
較難,只需了解,不要求掌握):
sit act arrive blush marry die be born
a. Mr. Bean often acted weird in public.(Mr. Bean was weird when he acted in public.)
在公共場合,憨豆先生經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)出滑稽古怪的樣子。
b. All the audience sat silent.
(不能用silently)整個(gè)觀眾席中鴉雀無聲。
c. He was born poor.
他出生時(shí),家里很窮。
d. The boy blushed scarlet.
那個(gè)男孩羞紅了臉。
e. I married young.(I was young when I married.)
我很年輕時(shí)就結(jié)婚了。
f.He died young.(He was young when he died.)
他英年早逝。
比較:He works hard.
這里young是形容詞,作表語(也可以說是主語補(bǔ)足語),是說明主語He的性質(zhì)特征的。所以我們可將原句改寫成“He was young when he died.”。此時(shí)young不是用來修飾謂語動(dòng)詞die的。而He works hard.中的hard是副詞,作狀語,用來修飾work,說明work這一行為的特征,而不是說明主語He的性質(zhì)特征。所以,我們不能將其改寫成“He is hard when he works.*”,這顯然說不通。
再比較:
g. Jane Austen died a spinster.(She was a spinster when she died.)
簡·奧斯汀去世時(shí),依然未嫁。
h. He died a hero’s death. (a hero’s death是同源賓語)
他英勇就義了。
同樣的道理,a spinster是作表語,說明主語Jane Austen的性質(zhì)。所以我們可以將原句改寫成“She was a spinster when she died.”。而a hero’s death則是作die的賓語,不是作表語來修飾主語He,因?yàn)槲覀儾荒苷f“He was a hero’s death when he died.*”。
注釋
[1]本書中*字符號表示句子錯(cuò)誤。