51 反身代詞的形式與用法 Track43
(1)反身代詞的形式
反身代詞有:
myself yourself himself herself
itself ourselves yourselves themselves
請注意第二人稱反身代詞單數形式y(tǒng)ourself和復數形式y(tǒng)ourselves的拼寫。例如:
She said to her friends, “Please help ____ to these dishes.”
A. you
B. yourself
C. yourselves
D. them
答案:C。
此外還有不定反身代詞oneself。例如:
One shouldn't think the most of oneself, but nothing of others.
一個人不應該只考慮自己,而不顧他人。(在美國英語中常用himself)
(2)反身代詞用作賓語
一般來說,若動詞所表示的行為施加到施動者自己身上時,也就是說主語和賓語為同一人時,我們用反身代詞作動詞的賓語。
a. God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。
b. I cut myself when cooking. 做飯的時候我把自己切到了。
c. We enjoyed ourselves on holiday. 假期我們過得很開心。
d. Take good care of yourself. 請多保重。
若主語和賓語不是同一人時,則不能用反身代詞作賓語。不能說:
Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating a series ofindicators that could help themselves to predict earthquakes.*
科羅拉多大學的研究人員們正在研究一系列可能幫助他們預測地震的各種參數指標。
分析:定語從句的主語是that,指indicators。而這里themselves顯然是指researchers。兩者不一致,故不能用反身代詞,而應將themselves改為them。
(3)反身代詞起強調作用
反身代詞可強調主語和賓語。此時self要重讀。
1)強調主語
反身代詞通常用來強調句子的主語,此時反身代詞常位于主語之后。
a. He himself went to visit the old lady.
是他親自去看望那個老太太的。
b. I myself took my mother to the hospital. 我自己把媽媽送到醫(yī)院。
c. Stress itself is not an illness, but prolonged stress can lead to sickness and absence from work.
壓力本身不是什么疾病,但長期如此就會導致疾病,從而影響到工作。
在不引起句子歧義的情況下,我們可把反身代詞置于句末。例如:
a. He went to visit the old lady himself.
b. I took my mother to the hospital myself.
而下邊這句就會有歧義:
c. He spoke to the boss himself. 他和老板本人談過了。
或者理解為:
a. He himself spoke to the boss. 他親自找老板談過了。
2)強調賓語
強調賓語的反身代詞只能緊跟在賓語后邊。例如:
a. He saw Tom himself. 他看到湯姆本人了。
比較:He himself saw Tom. 他親眼看見了湯姆。
b. I will send this gift to John himself.
我會把這禮物給約翰本人。(而不是通過別人轉交。)
(4)介詞+反身代詞
1)by oneself:單獨地,獨自一人地
I went there by myself. 我自己一人去了那兒。
比較:I went there myself. 我親自去了那兒一趟。
2)of oneself:自動地,自然而然地
The door opened of itself. 門自動開了。