38 “泛指概念”的四種表達(dá)方式 Track32
(1)不帶the的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指。
a. I like music.
b. Gold is a metal. 黃金是一種金屬。
不正確:The gold is a metal.*
(2)不帶the的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指。
a. Bananas are yellow. 香蕉是黃色的。
b. I am afraid of dogs. (表示泛指概念,不用the dogs。)
(3)“the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”可以表示泛指(當(dāng)然也可以表示特指)。
a. The whale is the largest mammal on earth.
(泛指)鯨是地球上最大的哺乳動(dòng)物。
b. The whale is dead.?。ㄌ刂福┻@頭鯨已經(jīng)死了。
c. The elephant is the largest land mammal.
(泛指)大象是陸地上最大的哺乳動(dòng)物。
d. The elephant over there has only one tusk.
(特指)那邊的那只大象只有一顆象牙。
(4)不定冠詞“a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”可以表示泛指。當(dāng)然也可以含有“one”這一數(shù)量意義。注意比較下列句子:
a. I ate a banana this morning.?。ㄒ粋€(gè)香蕉)
b. A banana is yellow. (任何一個(gè)香蕉,any banana, all bananas, bananas in general泛指)
c. I saw a dog enter the room.
d. A dog makes a good pet.?。ǚ褐福?/p>
e. A teacher should be patient with his or her students.?。ㄏ喈?dāng)于 all teachers或any teacher。)
f. A growing child needs great nourishment.
正在長身體的孩子需要很多營養(yǎng)。(相當(dāng)于 all growing children或any growing child。)
g. A child needs love.=Children need love.=Any child needs love.