英語早間課堂:What do you say if ？
一天之計在于晨，若您有個美好晨間生活，相信您一天的生活都是美好的。A hard beginning makes a good ending. 常言道：善始善終。
【疑難問題】
We learned “What do you if…?” and “What would you say if…?” I’ve received a lot of letters from my dear friends in which they ask what the differences are between them. “Are they are ways to ask for an agreement? Yeah , right! Are they the same? Nope! And what do you say to precative in a complex sentence including a clause introduced by "if' ?
【答疑解惑】
"What do you say...? "means "if something happens , how do you react?" And "What would you say...?" means "If something happened , how would you react?' Can you spot the differences in their explanations? We should pay attention to "happens , happened"and "do you , would you". Those are the key points. "What do you say if ..." shows something talked about is possible to come into reality. And "What would you say if ...?" shows something we talked about is impossible to happen or to be real.
So , we need to know about two conceptions: Sentences of Real Condition and Sentences of Unreal Condition. 真實條件句和虛擬條件句。What are called Sentences of Real Condition and Sentences of Unreal Condition?真實條件句就是假設(shè)的情況時有可能發(fā)生的，而虛擬條件句是純?nèi)坏囊环N假設(shè)，是不可能成為現(xiàn)實的。
Let's look at a sentence : how to translate”如果我有足夠的錢我就買一條電腦。”這個句子是真實條件句還是虛擬條件句呢?這個就要看說話者當(dāng)時的情境了。如果這個是連飯都吃不飽的人，看見別人在玩電腦，就這么說一句，是純?nèi)坏募僭O(shè)。而一個剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生，有了工作，現(xiàn)在還沒有錢，但是工作幾個月后就有錢了，那么這個假設(shè)是可以實現(xiàn)的。
【虛擬條件句】If I had enough money, I would buy a computer.
【真實條件句】 If I have enough money , I will buy a computer.
【習(xí)題答案及點(diǎn)評】
1 如果我有地圖，我就借給你。
If I had a map, I would lend it to you.
【點(diǎn)評】
1 說話者在當(dāng)時沒有地圖，知識純粹假設(shè)這么說說而已。
2 此句是對現(xiàn)在情況的一種假設(shè)，主句謂語動詞用would+動詞原形，從句用動詞的一般過去式。
2 如果我是你，我就會在房子周圍中很多樹木。
If I were you, I would plant many trees round the house,【點(diǎn)評】
1 一個人永遠(yuǎn)都不可能是另外一個人，因此這里完全是假設(shè)。
2 這個句子是對現(xiàn)在情況的一種假設(shè)，主句謂語動詞用would+動詞原形，從句用動詞的一般過去式。
3 要是Helen在這里有多好呀?
If Helen were here, how nice it would be.
【點(diǎn)評】
1 說話者說辭句話是Helen不在，只是說話者的一種主觀意愿而已。
2 該句子是對現(xiàn)在情況的一種希望，主句謂語動詞用would+動詞原形，從句用動詞的一般過去式。
3 Helen是三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞可以用was,也可以用were. If Helen was here, how nice it would be. 注意了，只有點(diǎn)人稱單數(shù)才能這樣用。第一人稱和第二人稱單數(shù)在虛擬語氣中的系動詞一定要用be動詞的復(fù)數(shù)的過去形式，即：were.
4 如果她辭職，誰來頂替她的位子。
If she resigned, who would take her place? If she were to resign, who would take her place. 【點(diǎn)評】
1 這句話可以判斷為真實條件句，也可以判斷為虛擬條件句。
2 作為虛擬條件句，此句是對未來情況的一種假設(shè)，主語謂語動詞用would + 動詞原形，從句用一般過去式。
3 從句中的過去式可以改為were(was) + to不定式。
5 要是我來做這個工作，我會是另外一種做法。
If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. If I did the job, I would do it in a different way.
【點(diǎn)評】
1 這句話可以判斷為真實條件句，也可以判斷為虛擬條件句。
2 作為虛擬條件句，此句是對未來情況的一種假設(shè)，主語謂語動詞用would + 動詞原形，從句用一般過去式。
3 從句中的過去式可以改為were(was) + to不定式。
【總結(jié)】
綜上所看，對現(xiàn)在和將來情況的猜測和主觀愿望，在條件句中，其謂語形式如下：主句是would+動詞原形，從句是動詞一般過去式。此外，如果從句中的謂語動詞是實義動詞的話可以用were(was)+to動詞不定式。另外注意，如果從句中的謂語動詞是系動詞的話，第一，二人稱單數(shù)只能用were,第三人稱單數(shù)可以用was,were
