高中語法專練：i. 獨立主格結構的構成及類型
i. 獨立主格結構的構成及類型
1. 構成：名詞/代詞+分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語=邏輯主語+邏輯謂語/表語。
He went out quickly, a baby in his arms. (= a baby was in his arms) .
他匆忙出去了，懷里抱著一個嬰兒。
The old woman came in, her son following her . (=her son followed her) .
老婦人進來了，她兒子尾隨著她。
2. 作用：相當于狀語從句，表示方式或伴隨的狀態(tài)或動作；有時也表示時間、原因、條件 。
It being Sunday, you needn't go to school. （表原因）
今天是星期天，你不必去上學。
All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open. （表時間）
官員們都到齊了，宣布開會。
Weather permitting ,we'll go to the Summer Palace. （表條件）
天氣允許的話，我們去頤和園。
The guards stood at attention, guns on shoulders . （表伴隨）
衛(wèi)兵立正站著，肩膀扛著槍。
He came out, umbrella in hand . （表伴隨）
他出來了，手里拿著傘。
3. 獨立主格的結構類型：
1）名詞/代詞+現在分詞（具有主動意義）
She watered the flowers, her child feeding the birds .
她在澆花，她的孩子在喂鳥。
The storm having destroyed their house, they had to live in a cave.
暴風雨毀了他們的房子，他們只好住在山洞里。
2）名詞/代詞+過去分詞（具有被動意義）
He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
他仰臥在那里，雙手交叉放在頭下面。
The table set , we can have dinner at once.
桌子擺好了，我們可以馬上吃飯了。
Everything taken into consideration , her plan seems to be more reasonable.
把一切考慮在內的話，她的計劃似乎更合理。
3）名詞/代詞+形容詞
He entered the room, his nose red with cold.
他進了房間，鼻子凍得通紅。
4）名詞/代詞+不定式
Here are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.
給你前兩本書，第三本下個月出版。
5）名詞/代詞+介詞短語
He came in, book in hand (= with a book in his hand).
他進來了，手里拿著書本。
注意： 在這個結構中，如使用with，名詞前要加物主代詞和冠詞；如不使用with，則名詞前省略物主代詞和冠詞。且該結構不能加being。
6）名詞/代詞+副詞
He was crying inside the house, his sister outside.
他在房子里面哭泣，他的妹妹在外面。
7）There being結構
There being nothing to do , we had to go home earlier than usual.
由于無事可做，我們只好比往常早點回家了。
He stole a toy in the supermarket, there being nobody around.
他在超市里偷了一個玩具，周圍沒有一個人。
4. “with +賓語+補語”=“with + 獨立主格結構”表示伴隨、原因或條件。
With the old man leading the way , we started toward the mountains.
由那位老人領路，我們開始向山區(qū)出發(fā)了。
He came in, with his daughter supporting him.
他進來了，女兒攙扶著他。
With this problem solved, the meeting was over.
此問題解決了，會議結束了。
Tian An Men looks more beautiful, with all lights on.
所有燈亮了，天安門看起來更美麗了。
專項練習
1. It _______ heavily, the game had to be delayed.
A. was snowing
B. snowing
C. snowed
D. had snowed
2. _______ , the lecture began.
A. The listeners having taken their seats
B. Having taken their seats
C. Taking their seats
D. The listeners to take their seats
3. _______ , Tom went out to play.
A. There was nothing to do
B. There had nothing to do
C. As there had nothing to do
D. There being nothing to do
4. _______ , the leaves are beginning _______.
A. Autumn comes; to fail
B. Autumn coming; to fail
C. As autumn coming; failing
D. Autumn to come; failing
5. _______ , the patient can leave the hospital.
A. Better conditions
B. Conditions better
C. Conditions are better
D. Being better conditions
6. _______ , the patient can leave the hospital.
A. If better conditions
B. If conditions better
C. If conditions are better
D. Being better conditions
7. _______ , we'd like to go outing.
A. Being Sunday
B. Sunday OK
C. Sunday is OK
D. If Sunday OK
8. _______ , we'd like to go outing.
A. If Sunday is OK
B. Sunday being OK
C. Sunday OK
D. A, B and C
9. _______ , you can wait a while.
A. The play being still on
B. The play still on
C. Being still on the play
D. A and B
10. _______ , so you can wait a while.
A. The play is still on
B. The play being still on
C. As the play is still on
D. The play still on
答案速查 1-5 BADBB 6—10 CBDDA
