英語短文名人故事 哲學(xué)思想家 第35期:西格蒙德·弗洛伊德
17 Sigmund Freud 西格蒙德·弗洛伊德
Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 in Moravia, which is now the Czech Republic. 西格蒙德·弗洛伊德于1856年出生于現(xiàn)在的捷克共和國的摩拉維亞。
His family moved to Vienna when Sigmund was four years old. 西格蒙德四歲時(shí)全家移居到維也納。
He was the oldest of his mother's eight children and her favorite. 在母親的八個(gè)孩子中他是老大，也是母親最喜愛的孩子。
Sigmund loved to read and he was always at the top of his class. 西格蒙德喜歡讀書，一直是班里的尖子生。
He had no interest in sports or outdoor activities, except walking. 除散步之外，他對其他的體育運(yùn)動和戶外活動都不感興趣。
The family apartment had only four bedrooms, but Sigmund's mother gave him his own room so he could study in peace. 家里只有四間臥室，但西格蒙德的母親卻給他騰出了單獨(dú)的一間房，好讓他安靜地學(xué)習(xí)。
He rarely joined the family for meals. 他幾乎從不與家人共同進(jìn)餐，
Instead he ate alone in his room, surrounded by his favorite books. 而是單獨(dú)在自己房里吃飯，與愛書相伴。
Freud first thought about studying law, but then he decided to study medicine. 起初，弗洛伊德打算學(xué)習(xí)法律，但后來他決定學(xué)醫(yī)，
He enrolled at the University of Vienna in 1873. 并于1873年考入維也納大學(xué)。
His early days at the university were difficult because some of his classmates discriminated against him because he was Jewish. 剛?cè)雽W(xué)時(shí)的日子非常難受，班上有些同學(xué)因他是猶太人而歧視他，
This made Freud more determined than ever to do his best. 這使弗洛伊德更加堅(jiān)定決心要全力以赴。
Freud received his medical degree in 1881. 弗洛伊德于1881年獲得醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位，
For the next few years he continued his laboratory work. 此后的幾年，他繼續(xù)進(jìn)行自己的實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究工作。
After his marriage, Freud opened his own psychiatry practice. 婚后，弗洛伊德開了自己的神經(jīng)病診所，
He worked with patients who were very depressed or behaved in strange ways. 專門治療精神抑郁或行為異常的病人。
Later, he started to treat patients in a new way, called "psychoanalysis." Psychoanalysis uses different techniques to help people. 后來，他開始用一種稱作"心理分析"的新方法治療病人，這種方法通過采納各種不同的技術(shù)手段來幫助病人。
In 1938, the German army invaded Austria. 1938年，德國軍隊(duì)入侵奧地利，
World War II was beginning, and life became terrible for millions of Jews, including Sigmund Freud. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)，對于幾百萬猶太人來說，生活變得極其恐怖，西格蒙德·弗洛伊德也在所難免。
The army burnt many of his books in public and arrested him secretly. 德軍當(dāng)眾燒毀了他的許多書，還把出版這些書的公司也給搗毀了，并秘密逮捕了他。
Freud needed a miracle to save his life. 弗洛伊德現(xiàn)在需要奇跡才能挽救他的性命。
The miracle came when U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked the German army to set him free. 奇跡真的出現(xiàn)了--美國總統(tǒng)富蘭克林·羅斯福出面要求德軍釋放他。
They agreed to let Freud leave Austria but they wanted 20,000 pounds sterling (approximately $32,000). 德國方面同意讓弗洛伊德離開奧地利，但索要20, 000英鎊（將近32, 000美元）做贖金。
A Greek princess who was once a patient of Freud's paid the money. 弗洛伊德曾經(jīng)的病人--位希臘公主為他付了錢。
However, Freud had to sign a paper saying that he was treated well by the German army. 但是，弗洛伊德還必須在一個(gè)文件上簽名，證明他在德軍中受到了良好待遇。
Freud signed the paper and added in his own handwriting, "I can most warmly recommend the Gestapo to anyone." On June 4， 1938, Freud and his family moved to a town near London. 弗洛伊德簽了名，并親筆補(bǔ)充道："我可以向任何人、用最熱烈的方式推薦蓋世太保。"1938年6月4 日，弗洛伊德和他的一家遷到倫敦附近的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。
Fifteen months later, in September 1939, Freud died at the age of 83. 15個(gè)月后，即1939年9月，弗洛伊德去世，終年83歲。
