英國學生科學讀本 Lesson 97 人體(5)

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這其中的主要器官就是大腦, 它占據(jù)著腦袋中的大部分空間。

From the brain a long white cord, called the spinal cord, goes down through the backbone.

從大腦開始, 一根長長的白色索狀結構通過脊柱向下延伸, 這就是脊髓。

A great number of fine white threads, called nerves, run from the brain and the spinal cord to all parts of our body.

另外還有很多白色的線狀結構從大腦與脊髓通往身體的各個角落, 這些便是神經(jīng)。

There are so many of these nerves, that we cannot prick our skin without touching one of them.

神經(jīng)的數(shù)量太過眾多, 無論我們刺到哪里的皮膚都能夠感受到它們的存在。

We know this because we cannot prick the skin without feeling pain.

之所以如此是因為, 只要刺一下皮膚, 肯定就會感覺到疼痛。

The nerves act very much like telegraph wires, for they carry messages to the brain which make us feel, and see, and hear.

神經(jīng)與電報線的運作原理相似：它們能夠向大腦傳遞信息, 從而讓我們感覺、看到、聽到周圍的世界。

They also carry orders from the brain to the muscles, which make them contract and relax,

它們還能夠向肌肉傳達來自大腦的指令, 讓它們收縮與伸展。

and thus our limbs are made to move as we wish.

如此一來, 我們的四肢便可以根據(jù)我們的想法進行運動。

There are many other organs in the body, every one of which has some work to do in keeping us alive and well.

人體里還有很多其他器官, 它們各有分工, 確保我們的生命與健康。

All the organs work together, and they work so quietly when the body is in good health, that we do not know

所有的身體器官相互配合。當身體健康時, 它們發(fā)揮自己的職能時無聲無息,

except, perhaps, by the beating of the heart—that they are in our body at all.

除了心跳之外, 我們幾乎感覺不到它們就在我們的身體之中。

But if we eat too much, or if we drink too much—and especially if we drink wine, beer, and spirits,

然而, 如果我們暴飲暴食——特別是喝了葡萄酒、啤酒與白酒這些含有酒精的物質(zhì)時

which contain a substance called alcohol that acts like a poison when taken in excess—then our organs cannot work properly, and we feel ill.

(過量飲用酒精便可中毒)——我們的身體器官就無法正常工作, 我們也就病倒了。

The body needs proper food, and fresh air, and plenty of exercise to keep it in good order.

人體需要適當?shù)氖澄?、新鮮的空氣以及充分的鍛煉, 這樣才能保持健康。

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