英國學生科學讀本 Lesson 96 人體(1)

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第96課 人體

This Lesson is going to be about our own selves—about our bodies. Every one wants to have a nice-looking and healthy body, which will live a long time. So we ought to learn about our bodies, in order that we may know how to take care of them.

這篇文章講述的是我們自己——人體。誰都希望自己擁有漂亮、健康的身體, 這樣就能夠延年益壽。因此我們應該了解自己的身體, 從而明白如何照顧好自己。

The body, as we can easily see, consists of a large central part or trunk, which has on the top of it a round ball, called the head. To the four corners of the trunk are attached the limbs. The limbs are in two pairs—an upper pair, called the arms, and a lower pair, called the legs.

我們可以很輕松地觀察到自己身體的外部結(jié)構(gòu)：一個很大的中心部分或者說是軀干, 這上面是一個圓球, 也就是腦袋。軀干四個角落的位置上長有我們的四肢。四肢分為兩對：上面的一對稱為胳膊, 下面的一對則是腿。

The outside of the body is entirely covered by the skin, which varies from one-eighth of an inch to one quarter of an inch in thickness. This skin contains many thousands of tiny holes called pores, out of which sweat or perspiration is always coming. To keep these pores open, we must wash our skin often and well. If we allow the pores to be always closed up with dirt and sweat, we shall soon begin to feel ill.

我們的身體表面全部都被皮膚所包裹, 其厚度從八分之一英寸到四分之一英寸不等。皮膚上長有成千上萬的小孔, 這就是毛孔, 汗水就是通過這里流出體外。為了確保這些毛孔暢通, 我們必須經(jīng)常洗澡, 并且要認真清洗。如果任由毛孔被污垢與汗水堵塞, 我們很快就會生病。

The nails on our fingers and toes are only parts of the skin which have grown very hard. The teeth, also, are very hard pieces of the skin of our gums, although they look more like bone than skin; and even the hairs of our head are only pieces of the skin which have grown very long and thread-like.

我們的手指與腳趾上的指甲, 只是長得非常堅硬的一部分皮膚而已。同樣的, 雖然看起來更像是骨頭, 但牙齒實際上也是牙齦上的皮膚;除此之外, 我們的頭發(fā)也是皮膚的一部分, 它們只是發(fā)育成了細長的樣子而已。

Have you ever counted your teeth? A very young baby has no teeth which you can see, for its teeth are hidden inside its gums. They begin to grow through the soft gums, and the first teeth peep out like little pearls when baby is a few months old. By the time the child is two years old, it has got its first complete set of teeth. These are called "milk-teeth;" they are twenty in number, ten being in the upper jaw and ten in the lower.

你有沒有數(shù)過自己一共有多少顆牙齒? 你肯定看到過, 新生嬰兒沒有牙齒, 或者說他們的牙齒埋藏在牙齦下方。當嬰兒長到幾個月時, 牙齒就會從柔軟的牙齦中生長而出, 看起來就像是珍珠一樣。幼兒發(fā)育到兩歲時, 就擁有了人生第一套完整的牙齒。這些就是“乳牙”：共有二十顆, 上下腭各有十顆。

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