英國學生科學讀本 Lesson 8 一塊膩子

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　　第八課 一塊膩子(油灰)

　　Did you ever see a man put in a pane of glass? He first cuts away the hard stuff which holds the old glass in its place. This hard stuff is called putty. Then with some fresh putty he fixes in the new pane.

　　小朋友, 你見過工人叔叔是怎么換窗玻璃的嗎? 他先把舊玻璃周圍硬硬的東西切下來, 這種硬東西叫做膩子, 也叫油灰。然后再在窗框上抹上一些新的膩子, 把新玻璃裝上去。

　　What is putty? Let us try to make some for ourselves, and then we shall know all about it. We shall take a lump of chalk, and crush it to powder. Next, we shall stir it up in a basin of water, and then leave it to settle at the bottom.

　　膩子是什么呀? 咱們可以自己試著做一做, 這樣就都明白了!我們先拿一塊白堊石頭, 磨成粉, 然后灑在一盆水里, 讓石粉慢慢沉到盆底。

　　If we pour away the water, and dry the chalk in the oven, we shall soon get a fine white powder, which is sold in the shops as whitening or whiting.

　　把水倒出去, 用爐子烤干石粉, 就會得到一種很細的白粉, 商店里也賣這種白堊粉。

　　Now we need some boiled linseed oil. Let us put the whiting in a basin, and pour in the oil, a little at a time, stirring and rubbing it well with a flat stick. In a few minutes we shall get a lump of soft putty.

　　準備一些煮過的亞麻油。咱們把白堊粉放到另一個盆里, 把亞麻油一點兒一點兒倒進去, 用一根扁平的棍子拌一拌, 壓一壓, 過幾分鐘, 一塊膩子就做好了!

　　Now you know what putty is made of. It is nothing but whiting mixed with linseed oil.

　　現(xiàn)在, 你知道膩子是什么做的啦, 就是白堊粉跟亞麻油混在一塊兒!

　　But why is this putty so useful? Notice, first, how you can mould or press it into any shape you please. The putty takes any shape we like to give it, and so we use it to fill up little holes and cracks.

　　但是, 膩子怎么會這么有用呢? 第一, 你可以把膩子塑成或者壓成各種各樣的形狀。想讓它什么樣子, 它就會是什么樣子。這樣就可以用它來填滿小洞, 或者小縫。

　　See, too, how the putty sticks to your fingers. In the same way it sticks to the wood and to the glass of the window, and holds them both together.

　　第二, 膩子可以黏在你的手指頭上, 也能黏在木頭、窗玻璃上, 把木頭和窗玻璃黏到一塊兒。

　　As soon as the putty is made, it begins to dry and to turn hard. But it dries very slowly, and keeps soft as long as we are likely to need it.

　　膩子一做好了, 就會變干變硬。但是干燥的速度很慢, 只要我們需要, 它還會是軟軟的。

　　If you pour some water into a little hollow made in a piece of chalk, the water soon runs out, for the chalk is full of tiny holes or pores. But the water cannot run through a little cup made of putty. The oil that is mixed with the chalk fills up its pores.

　　要是在一塊白堊石頭上挖出一個洞, 把水倒進去, 水很快就會漏光, 因為白堊石頭里, 滿是小小的洞, 也叫細孔。但是一塊杯子形狀的膩子, 就不會讓水漏出去, 因為膩子跟白堊混在一起, 把白堊的細孔填滿了。

　　So you see, however hard the rain beats upon the window, it cannot wash the panes of glass away. The water cannot get through the putty which holds the panes in their places.

　　你看, 不管屋子外面下雨下得多大, 打在窗玻璃上有多厲害, 都沖不走窗玻璃。窗玻璃讓膩子黏住了, 雨水透不過膩子。

　　With a lump of nice soft putty a clever child can make models of many things, because the putty is so soft that it takes any shape into which it may be pressed with the fingers. SUMMARY Putty is made of whiting (crushed chalk soaked in water) mixed with boiled linseed oil. It is used for keeping panes of glass in their places. It is also used for filling up little holes and cracks in wood-work. It does not let water pass through it. Models of many things may be made with a lump of putty.

　　聰明的小朋友, 可以把膩子塑成很多東西的樣子, 因為膩子特別軟, 手指頭把它捏成什么樣, 它就能變成什么樣。