第23章　狀　語 23.4　形容詞及分詞（短語）作狀語

23.4　形容詞及分詞（短語）作狀語

23.4.1　形容詞作狀語

1) 形容詞有時(shí)也可用作狀語，常和句子的謂語用逗號(hào)隔開：

She went back to Boston, eager to see her children. 她回到波斯頓，急于見她的孩子。

He rushed over, anxious to help. 他跑了過來，亟想幫忙。

The boy nodded, pale and scared. 男孩點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，臉色蒼白，十分驚恐。

The company laughed, friendly and pleased. 這伙人笑了，友好而高興。

Greatly instrested, I asked him how to operate the machine. 我很感興趣，問他這機(jī)器怎樣操作。

Greatly disappointed, he decided to leave the place. 他大失所望，決定離開這個(gè)地方。

Helpless, I decided to give up the job. 我無可奈何，決定辭去這份工作。

Modest and unassuming, he soon put everybody at ease. 他謙遜沒有架子，很快使大家感到無拘無束。

2) 有時(shí)和動(dòng)詞一起用，中間不加逗號(hào)：

He stood helpless, not knowing what to do. 他無可奈何地站著，不知如何是好。

He sat motionless. 他一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地坐著。

Barbary lay still and happy. 巴巴里靜靜地躺著，感到很高興。

The hunter fired and the tiger fell dead. 獵人開槍，老虎倒地死了。

All men are born equal. 所有的人生而平等。

Don't throw that plastic bag away, it may come in handy. 別把那塑料袋扔掉，它可能會(huì)有用處的。

He flushed crimson with indignation. 他氣得滿臉通紅。

He offered to supply him with another clock free of charge. 他答應(yīng)免費(fèi)給他另一臺(tái)鐘。

3) 有些形容詞和賓語有較密切的關(guān)系（這些形容詞介乎狀語和賓語補(bǔ)語之間）：

She pushed the door open. 她把門推開。

He pulled his belt tight. 他勒緊褲帶。

They eat the fish raw. 這種魚他們生吃。

We drink it hot. 我們喝熱的。

They beat him uncurious. 他們把他打得失去知覺。

He knocked her senseless. 他把她打得不省人事。

This noise is drivingme mad (crazy). 這嘈雜的聲音吵得我快瘋了。

23.4.2　現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）作狀語

1) 現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）也?？捎米鳡钫Z，通常有逗號(hào)把它和主謂語分開，可以表示伴隨情況（a）、原因（b）、時(shí)間（c）等：

a．Opening the drawer, he took out a revolver. 他打開抽屜，拿出一把左輪手槍。

Taking off our shoes, we crept cautiously along the passage. 脫掉了鞋，我們小心翼翼地沿著通道爬行。

He lay still, staring blankly at the ceiling. 他靜靜地躺著，茫然地望著天花板。

She went out of the room, taking the flowers with her. 她帶著那些花走出屋去。

Lena shook her head, smiling. 麗娜笑著搖了搖頭。

b．Fearing that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight.由于怕被警察認(rèn)出，他白天從不出去。

Being poor himself, he couldn't help us. 他自己就很窮，沒有力量幫助我們。

Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. 由于不知道她的地址，我們無法和她聯(lián)系。

Feeling rather tired, she went to bed. 由于感到相當(dāng)疲勞，她就睡覺了。

c．Hearing the news, they decided to act. 聽到這消息，他們決定采取行動(dòng)。

Seeing this, she became rather worried. 看到這情況，她很有些發(fā)愁。

Arriving there, he made up his mind to go in. 到達(dá)那里后，他決定進(jìn)去。

Walking through the park, we saw a fine flower show. 我們從公園穿過時(shí)看到一個(gè)漂亮的花卉展。

2) 分詞有時(shí)用完成形式（a），有時(shí)有自己的邏輯主語（b）：

a．Having been there once, he knew the place fairly well. 由于去過那里一次，他很熟悉這地方。

Not having received instructions, he didn't know what to do. 由于沒收到指示，他不知道該怎么辦。

Having divorced twice, she didn't want to marry again. 由于離過兩次婚，她不想再結(jié)婚。

I didn't feel terribly shocked, having expected all this. 這情況我早已料到，因此我并不覺得過于震驚。

b．The day being fine, we decided to have a picnic by the lake. 天氣很好，我們決定到湖邊野餐。

There being nothing else to discuss, he declared the meeting closed. 由于沒有別的事要討論，他宣布閉會(huì)。

Her sister being dead, she brought up her nephew. 她姐姐死了，她把她的外甥帶大。

Weather permitting, we'll go on a tour of the lake district next week. 如果天氣允許，我們下星期將去游覽湖區(qū)。

以上結(jié)構(gòu)主要用在書面語中。

3) 有些分詞常和某些動(dòng)詞連用，中間不帶逗號(hào)：

She was always ready to go skating (swimming, fishing). 她向來愛去溜冰（游泳、釣魚）。

He came running in from the yard. 他從院子里跑了進(jìn)來。

I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天時(shí)間找你。

I wasted a whole afternoon trying to convince her. 我白費(fèi)了一整個(gè)下午設(shè)法勸說她。

They were busy making artificial flowers. 他們忙著做紙花。

I lay tossing half the night. 我翻來覆去半夜沒睡著。

He sat at his desk working. 他坐在辦公桌前工作。

I had a difficult time persuading him. 我費(fèi)了很大勁才說服他。

這類句子口語中也常出現(xiàn)。

關(guān)于現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的用法可參閱第12.3.5節(jié)。

23.4.3　過去分詞（短語）作狀語

1) 用過去分詞作狀語的時(shí)候也不少，可表示伴隨情況（a）、原因（b）、時(shí)間（c）等：

a．He entered, accompanied by his secretary. 他由秘書陪著走了進(jìn)來。

Aroused by the crash, he leapt to his feet. 被轟然的響聲驚醒，他一躍站了起來。

A woman came in, followed by her daughter. 一個(gè)婦女走了進(jìn)來，后面跟著她的女兒。

Of course, said Rose, astonished. 羅絲驚訝地說，“當(dāng)然？”

Seated in the car, the president waved to the crowd. 總統(tǒng)坐在車上向人群揮手。

b．Moved by his speech, many people volunteered to help in the work. 受他講話的感動(dòng)，許多人自愿參加這項(xiàng)工作。

Tom, horrified at what he had seen, could not say anything. 湯姆對(duì)看到的情況感到驚恐，什么話也說不出來。

Having been warned about the bandits, she left her valuables at home. 由于有人警告她有盜匪，她把貴重物品都留在家里。

c．Driven beyond endurance, he ran away from the plantation. 他忍無可忍，逃出了種植園。

Surprised at my reaction, she tried to console me. 我的反應(yīng)使她吃驚，她設(shè)法安慰我。

Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective. 如果及時(shí)服用，這藥是相當(dāng)有效的。

Looked at politically, it is an important question. 從政治上看，這是一個(gè)重要的問題。

2) 有些動(dòng)詞可以跟過去分詞作狀語，中間并不加逗號(hào)：

Ten others lay wounded there. 另外十個(gè)人受傷躺在那里。

He decided to lie hidden for a few days longer. 他決定再躲藏幾天。

The valley lay spread out before us. 河谷展現(xiàn)在我們面前。

The thought lay buried in her heart. 這想法一直埋藏在她心中。

The girls stood grouped together at one end of the room. 姑娘們聚在一起，站在房間的一頭。

I stand prepared to dispute it. 我準(zhǔn)備對(duì)此提出異議。

關(guān)于過去分詞作狀語可參閱第12.4.5節(jié)。