第21章　賓　語 21.2　復合賓語

21.2　復合賓語

21.2.1　復合賓語的類型

復合賓語主要有下面幾種類型：

1) 名詞（代詞）+形容詞

The pot calls the kettle black. （諺）五十步笑百步。

I've never known (seen) you so cheerful. 我從未看見你這樣高興過。

2) 名詞（代詞） +名詞

He nominated Coy Ambassador to France. 他任命科伊為駐法大使。

Don't be formal. Call me Jim. 別太拘禮，叫我吉姆好了。

3) 名詞（代詞） + 不定式

Tell them to hurry up. 讓他們趕快。

What made you think so? 什么使你這樣想的？

4) 名詞（代詞） + 分詞

I heard a nightingale singing in the wood. 我聽見一只夜鶯在林中歌唱。

You must have your lungs X-rayed. 你必須把肺部透視一下。

5) 名詞（代詞）+介詞短語或副詞

I found him in excellent spirits. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他情緒好極了。

I'm pleased to see you back. 看到你回來了，我很高興。

21.2.2　第一類復合賓語——名詞（代詞）＋形容詞

這類復合賓語比較普通，不少動詞可以跟這種賓語：

Have I made myself clear? 我的意思講清楚了嗎？

That kept her warm. 這使她身子很暖和。

The accused man declared himself innocent. 被告宣稱自己是無辜的。

He shouted himself hoarse. 他把聲音都喊啞了。

Then he will hold you responsible for it. 那樣他就會要你來對它負責。

常見的這類動詞有：

關(guān)于這種結(jié)構(gòu)可參閱第13.6.1節(jié)。

21.2.3　第二類復合賓語——名詞（代詞）＋名詞

跟這類復合賓語的動詞也不少，如：

I find her a very sensible woman. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)她是個很有頭腦的女子。

They considered Paris the heart of France. 他們認為巴黎是法國的心臟。

She counted herself a fortunate wife. 她認為自己是個幸運的妻子。

They dubbed him a traitor. 他們叫他叛徒。

He entitled the book Crime and Punishment. 他給這書題名為《罪與罰》。

常見的這類動詞有：

關(guān)于這種結(jié)構(gòu)可參閱第13.6.2.節(jié)。

21.2.4　第三類復合賓語——名詞（代詞）＋不定式

1) 跟這類復合結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞很多：

He strongly advised her not to do so. 他使勁勸她不要這樣做。

She asked me to get in touch with him. 她要我和他聯(lián)系。

He instructed Sophia to remain where she was. 他囑咐索菲婭留在原處。

Permit me to introduce myself. 請允許我介紹一下自己。

They urge me to write a play for children. 他們催我寫一個兒童劇。

You know I wish you to be happy, don't you? 你知道我是愿意你幸福的，是吧？

常見的這類動詞有：

2) 在某些動詞后，這類不定式只限于動詞be （a），但其他動詞的完成式和進行式有時也可以用（b）：

a．They considered him to be a selfish man. 他們認為他是個自私的人。

They believed these principles to be universally true. 他們相信這些原則是放之四海而皆準的。

I know this to be a fact. 我知道這是事實。

All the neighbours supposed her to be a widow. 所有鄰居都以為她是寡婦。

We discovered her to be a good cook. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)她很會做飯。

We have shown the story to be false. 我們已表明這個報導是虛假的。

b．I consider him to have acted disgracefully. 我認為他的行為很可恥。

I believe her to have done right. 我相信她做得對。

They know the man to have been a spy. 他們知道這人當過間諜。

They suppose man to have descended from animals. 他們認為人是由動物進化而來的。

They suspected him to be dying. 他們猜想他已命在旦夕。

We thought him to be hiding in the woods. 我們以為他躲在樹林里。

3) 有少數(shù)動詞后面的復合賓語包含一個不帶to的不定式：

What makes you think so? 什么使你這樣想？

Don't forget to have him come. 別忘了讓他來。

Delighted to hear you say that. 很高興聽你這樣說。

For an instant I saw his face go pale. 一時間我看見他臉色變得蒼白。

I watched him get into his jacket. 我瞧著他穿上上衣。

They felt the atmosphere grow tense. 他們感到氣氛變得緊張起來。

4) 個別成語動詞后也可以跟這類復合賓語：

He called on Tom to answer the question. 他叫湯姆回答這個問題。

I am counting on you to help me through. 我指望你幫助我度過難關(guān)。

She motioned to me to be silent. 她對我做手勢要我別說話。

He pleaded with me to go back. 他懇求我回去。

They prevailed upon me to remain a little longer. 他們勸我再稍微多待一會兒。

We are waiting for the rain to stop. 我們在等雨停下來。

關(guān)于由不定式構(gòu)成的復合賓語可參閱第13.6.5和13.6.6節(jié)。

21.2.5　第四類復合賓語——名詞（代詞）＋分詞

1) 有不少動詞后面可跟由現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的復合賓語：

The teacher caught a boy cheating. 老師發(fā)現(xiàn)一個男生（考試）作弊。

I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感覺到風吹著我的臉。

I tried to keep things going by a little teaching. 我設(shè)法教點書來維持生活。

His question has set me thinking. 他的問題讓我深思。

They left me sitting alone there. 他們丟下我一個人坐在那里。

They watched the sun setting behind the trees. 他們瞧著太陽在樹后徐徐西沉。

能跟這種復合賓語的動詞常見的有：

2) 也有不少復合賓語由過去分詞構(gòu)成：

You should make your views known. 你應(yīng)當讓人了解你的看法。

You'll have to get that tooth filled. 你得把那顆牙（請醫(yī)生）補一補。

She's having her eyes tested. 她正在驗光。

Rarely had I seen him so worked-up. 我很少見他這樣激動過。

We want the work finished by Saturday. 我們希望這工作在星期六以前完成。

He felt himself powerfully attracted by the idea. 他感到自己受到這想法的強烈吸引。

跟這類復合賓語的動詞常見的有下面這些：

關(guān)于包含分詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)可參閱第13.6.7和13.6.8節(jié)。

21.2.6　第五類復合賓語——名詞（代詞）＋介詞短語或副詞

這類復合賓語由介詞短語（a）或副詞（b）構(gòu)成：

a．Make yourselves at home, everybody. 大家請隨便一點。

They found her already in the hands of a doctor. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)她已有醫(yī)生照顧。

He held the others in contempt. 他對別人都看不起。

Please ask her into the dinner-room. 請讓她到餐廳來。

His jokes set the whole room in uproar. 他的笑話引起哄堂大笑。

I know you'll be able to help me out of the difficulty. 我知道你能幫助我克服困難。

b．We went to her house but found her out. 我們?nèi)ニ遥l(fā)現(xiàn)她外出了。

You'dbetter ask her round here. 你最好請她到這里來。

We're having some friends in tonight. 今晚我們要請些朋友來家里。

We must help forward every project we can. 我們必須盡力幫助促進每一個計劃。

Let's turn the TV on (off). 咱們把電視機打開（關(guān)上）。

He knew how to put his ideas across. 他知道怎樣把他的意思講清楚。

能跟這種復合賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)比較少。關(guān)于這種結(jié)構(gòu)可參閱第13.6.3和13.6.4節(jié)。