第19章　主　語 19.1　主語表示法

19.1　主語表示法

19.1.1　主語表示法

主語可以用下面這些成分表示：

1) 名詞：

Another rocket is going to be launched next week. 下周將發(fā)射一枚新的火箭。

Are there other universes outside our own? 我們的宇宙之外還有別的宇宙嗎？

2) 代詞：

Who's on the phone? 誰來電話？

Nobody knows the answer. 沒人知道答案是什么。

3) 數(shù)詞：

Two-thirds of them are college students. 他們中間三分之二是大學(xué)生。

First went to the Chinese team. 第一名由中國隊(duì)獲得。

4) 動名詞：

Reading French is easier than speaking it. 閱讀法語比講法語容易。

There's no knowing how long he'll be away. 沒法知道他將離開多久。

5) 不定式：

To compromise appears advisable. 妥協(xié)可能是明智的。

It is an offence to drop litter in the street. 在街上亂扔雜物是犯禁的。

6) 詞組：

To each according to his work is a socialist principle. 按勞分配是社會主義的一個原則。

Safety First is our slogan.“安全第？”是我們的口號。

7) 從句：

What she saw gave her a little fright. 她看到的情況使她有點(diǎn)吃驚。

Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他為什么這樣做將永遠(yuǎn)是個謎。

8) 名詞化的其他詞類：

A is the first letter of the English alphabet. A是英語字母的第一個。

The well-to-do had their cares also. 富裕的人也有他們的煩惱。

在口語中有時還可能用副詞、介詞短語作主語：

Slowly is exactly how he speaks. 他說話就是慢吞吞的。

Out on the lake will be all right. 到湖上玩玩倒不錯。

Between 8 and 9 will suit me. 8點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn)之間對我合適。

19.1.2　動名詞作主語

1) 動名詞可直接作主語：

Dancing bored him. 跳舞使他厭煩。

Putting in a new window will involve cutting away part of the roof. 安一個新窗戶得拆掉一部分房頂。

Keeping hens is her hobby. 養(yǎng)雞是她的愛好。

Thus rowing is a sport. 因此劃船是一種運(yùn)動。

Going to the movies is a popular pastime. 看電影是一種大眾化的消遣。

Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路有時是很可怕的。

Slow cooking make tougher meat tender. 慢火可以把較老的肉燉爛。

Not being punctual makes him unreliable. 不準(zhǔn)時使他變得不可靠。

2) 有時，動名詞前可以有一代詞或名詞所有格表示其邏輯上的主語：

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他們來支援對我們是很大的鼓舞。

Mary's grumbling annoyed him. 瑪麗的嘟嘟囔囔使他厭煩。

Rose's going won't be of much help. 羅絲去不會有多大幫助。

有時還可名詞化，前面帶有冠詞：

The reading of the will took place in the lawyer's office. 遺囑是在律師事務(wù)所宣讀的。

A ringing of bells marks the end of the old year. 一陣鐘聲標(biāo)志著舊年的結(jié)束。

3) 有時可用先行詞it作形式主語，而把作主語的動名詞放到后面去：

It's no use asking me. 問我沒用。

Is it any good trying? 試一試有好處嗎？

It doesn't matter throwing that away. 把它扔掉沒有關(guān)系。

It's a waste of time your talking to him. 你和他談是白費(fèi)時間。

關(guān)于用動名詞、不定式和從句作主語可參閱下面多節(jié)。