課本中不會(huì)教你的[W]716　where，in/on which還是in/on that

716　where，in/on which還是in/on that

① where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，是關(guān)系副詞，它的先行詞都是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，這種用法的where在句中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in+which或on+which。where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

They have gone to Nanjing，where they will stay for a week. 他們到南京去了，將在那里待一周。（非限制性）

This is the school where （=in which）he studied twenty years ago. 這就是他二十年前上學(xué)的學(xué)校。（限制性）

That is the sports ground where （=on which）we once played football. 這就是我們?cè)?jīng)踢過(guò)足球的操場(chǎng)。

② where （關(guān)系副詞）在從句中只能作狀語(yǔ)，不能作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如果關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，就要用which或that，而不能用where。比較：

This is the room which/that he likes most. 這就是他最喜歡的房間。（which或that作動(dòng)詞like的賓語(yǔ)）

This is the room which/that he once lived in. 這就是他曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的房間。（which或that作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)）

This is the room where he once lived. （where作狀語(yǔ)，live是不及物動(dòng)詞）

This is the room where he once lived in.

（副詞where不可作賓語(yǔ)）

Does she work in the factory which/that was built last year？她在去年建成的那家工廠里工作嗎？（=which或that作主語(yǔ)）

Dose she work in the factory where was built last year？

（副詞where不可作主語(yǔ)）

③ which （包括指人的whom）在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以放在which的前面，也可以放在句尾；而that在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不可放在that前，只能放在句尾。比較：

這就是我曾住過(guò)的那家旅館。

This is the hotel in which I once lived.

This is the hotel that/which I once lived in.

（that和which可省略）

This is the hotel in that I once lived.

他就是那位老師，我們從他身上可以學(xué)到很多東西。

He is the teacher from whom we can learn a lot.

He is the teacher （whom）we can learn a lot from. （whom可省略）

提示

which和whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面有介詞時(shí)不可省，前面無(wú)介詞時(shí)均可省略；that在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，見(jiàn)上文。