① some可以表示:①某個(gè)人或物,后跟單數(shù)名詞;②某個(gè)不確定的數(shù),意為“一些”,后跟復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。
She lives in some village to the west of the town. 她住在城西的某個(gè)村子里。
You may ask some student to do it. 你可以請(qǐng)某位學(xué)生做這件事。
There are some trees in the yard. 院子里有一些樹(shù)。
② 一般來(lái)說(shuō),在疑問(wèn)句中要用any代替some,但在表示邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求他人做某事的疑問(wèn)句中要用some,在表示期待得到肯定答復(fù)的疑問(wèn)句中也要用some。
Would you like some tea?喝點(diǎn)茶好嗎?(邀請(qǐng),=Please have some tea.)
Will you buy some apples?買些蘋(píng)果好嗎?(請(qǐng)求,=Please buy some apples.)
Would you lend me some money?你能借些錢給我嗎?(期望得到肯定回答)
③ some of意為“……中有些”,指的是特定的人或物,后跟代詞時(shí),要用賓格,后跟名詞時(shí),前面必須加the;而some既可以表示特定的人或物,也可以表示未知的人或物。比較:
Some friends of mine are managers. 我的一些朋友是經(jīng)理。(特指)
There are some books on the desk. 桌子上有些書(shū)。(泛指)
Some of them get up early.
他們中有些人起床早。
Some of the students get up early.
有些學(xué)生起床早。
Some of students get up early.
Some of the glasses are broken.
有些杯子破了。
Some of glasses are broken.
④ any一般用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句,意為“一些,什么,(無(wú)論)哪一個(gè),(無(wú)論)哪些”。
Is there any important news on TV?電視有什么重要新聞嗎?
There isn't any water in the cup. 杯子里沒(méi)有水。
Do any of you know the answer?你們當(dāng)中有誰(shuí)知道答案嗎?
提示
any在肯定句中表示“任何的”。
Any schoolboy knows it.任何小學(xué)生都懂這個(gè)。
You may take any one of these pens. 這些鋼筆你可以拿任何一支。
⑤ certain可以表示:①某個(gè)不確定的數(shù);②某個(gè)不確定的地點(diǎn);③某種說(shuō)不出的感覺(jué);④某個(gè)人。
He has lent me a certain sum of money. 他借給了我一些錢。
She came from a certain place in the south. 她從南方某個(gè)地方來(lái)。
He felt a certain uneasiness. 他感到有些不安。
A certain Zhang is waiting for you at the gate. 有位姓張的在門口等你。
(=A Zhang…)