① mean是及物動(dòng)詞,常表示如下幾種含義。
(1)意思是……,有……意思。
I don't know what this word means. 我不知道這個(gè)詞什么意思。
What I mean is that you should be more careful. 我的意思是你應(yīng)該更加細(xì)心。
What do you mean by saying that?你那樣說(shuō)話是什么意思?
(2)意味著,就是(后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞)。
Life to her means struggle. 生活對(duì)于她來(lái)說(shuō)就意味著斗爭(zhēng)。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 沒(méi)趕上車(chē)就意味著再等1小時(shí)。
(3)打算,意欲(后跟名詞、代詞或不定式)。
He means you no harm. 他無(wú)意傷害你。
She means to stay here. 她想留在這里。
I have meant to call on you yesterday,but it rained hard. 我本打算昨天拜訪你的,但卻下了大雨。(have meant to do sth. 表示“本來(lái)打算干什么”)
比較
mean to do sth. 打算做某事,想做某事,決意做某事
mean doing sth. 意思是,意味著(主語(yǔ)是人時(shí),常與by短語(yǔ)搭配)
What do you mean to say at the meeting?你想在會(huì)上說(shuō)什么?
His manner of speaking means refusing your suggestion. 他說(shuō)話的方式意味著拒絕你的建議。
(4)有價(jià)值,有意義,與a lot,much,a great deal,little,nothing連用。
Good health means much to us. 健康的身體對(duì)我們至關(guān)重要。
Money means little to him. 他對(duì)金錢(qián)并不看重。
(5)打算讓,結(jié)構(gòu)為:mean sb. to do sth.。
His father meant him to be a soldier. 他父親打算讓他當(dāng)兵。
I didn't mean you to do the work. 我本不打算讓你做這項(xiàng)工作。
(6)mean 也用于一些慣用句型中。
I mean what I say. 我說(shuō)話是算數(shù)的。
He certainly means what he says. 他當(dāng)然說(shuō)話算數(shù)。
Do you mean to say he's wrong?你難道是說(shuō)他錯(cuò)了?
② means是名詞,表示“方法,工具,手段”,單復(fù)數(shù)相同,主要指為達(dá)到某個(gè)目的或目標(biāo)而采取的手段、方法,也指具體的工具、器械,尤指通信、交通工具。結(jié)構(gòu)為:
the means to do sth.
the means of doing sth.
by means of sth.
What is the best means to realize our purpose?實(shí)現(xiàn)我們目的的最好方法是什么?
Thoughts are expressed by means of words. 思想是靠語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)的。
A hammer is a means of driving a nail. 錘子是敲釘子的工具。
③ method常指系統(tǒng)的、邏輯的方法或辦法。
The new scientific method has been widely used. 這種新的科學(xué)方法已被廣泛運(yùn)用。
④ way是一般用語(yǔ),指解決問(wèn)題的具體辦法或途徑,也指“道路,路”。
Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
We've got to think out a way to explain it. 我們得想出一種解決它的方法。
⑤ tool意為“工具,器具”,通常指木工、泥瓦工、農(nóng)業(yè)、耕作使用的,用手工操作的,較簡(jiǎn)單的工具,有時(shí)也喻指“手段,方法”。
There are some farm tools in the corner. 墻角上有一些農(nóng)具。
He is a mere tool in the hands of the secret police. 他只是秘密警察手中的工具而已。
A dictionary is a useful tool for a translator. 詞典是譯者的有用工具。
⑥ medium意為“媒介”,指東西或物質(zhì),借助于某物(尤指無(wú)形物如聲、熱、信息)傳遞給他人或別的物體。也可表示“宣傳工具”,復(fù)數(shù)為mediums或media。
Air is the medium for sound. 空氣是傳播聲音的介體。
mass media 大眾傳媒