① hurt作及物動詞時,表示“傷害,損害”,可指肉體上、精神上、感情上的傷害。作不及物動詞時,hurt表示“疼,痛”,指頭痛,腿疼等。hurt指肉體上的傷害時,可與slightly,badly,seriously等連用;指精神、感情上的創(chuàng)傷時,只能用rather,deeply,very much修飾。
(1)用作及物動詞。
He was hurt in a railway accident. 他在一次火車事故中受了傷。
She hurt herself when she fell. 她跌倒時摔傷了。
He wouldn't hurt an ant. 他連一只螞蟻都不愿傷害。
It hurts eyes to read in the sun. 在陽光下看書對眼睛有害。
If I don't come,I'm afraid of hurting her feelings. 如果我不來,我怕傷了她的感情。
(2)用作不及物動詞。
My feet hurt when I walk. 我走路時腳痛。
Does your left arm still hurt?你的左胳膊還疼嗎?
提示
表示“傷害,受傷”時,hurt不可用作不及物動詞。
他從樹上掉了下來,受了傷。
He fell off the tree and hurt.
He fell off the tree and was hurt.
② harm可用作及物動詞或名詞,意為“傷害,損害,有害”,harm這種傷害可以是肉體上的或精神上的,可以是故意的或非故意的。harm可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:
harm sb./sth.
do harm to sb.
do sb. harm
(1)作動詞。
I've never harmed anybody. 我從沒傷害過任何人。
It will harm no one. 它不會傷害任何人。
Smoking harms your health. 吸煙有害健康。
We won't do anything that will harm the cause of peace. 我們決不做任何有損和平的事情。
(2)作名詞。
Eating less won't do you any harm. 少吃對你沒有害處。
The heavy rain has done great harm to the crops. 大雨給莊稼造成了極大的損害。
比較
早起對你沒有害處。
Getting up early won't harm you.
(harm可以表示“有害于,對……不利”)
Getting up early won't hurt you.
(hurt則表示真正的“傷害”)
③ injure與hurt同義,為正式用語,也表示“損害,傷害”;injure的名詞形式為injury,結(jié)構(gòu)為:
injure sb./sth.
do sb. an injury
do an injury to sb.
He injured an arm in a car accident. 他在一場車禍中傷了一只手臂。
His words have done an injury to her pride. 他的話傷了她的自尊心。
④ wound可用作及物動詞或名詞,指的是槍傷,刀傷,劍傷等,為蓄意造成的傷。wound也可指精神上的創(chuàng)傷。
(1)用作動詞,表示“使受傷”。
The knife wounded her in the hand. 刀傷了她的手。
He was wounded in the war. 他在戰(zhàn)爭中受了傷。
You have wounded her pride. 你傷害了她的自尊心。
(2)用作名詞,是可數(shù)名詞,表示“傷口,傷”。
There is a knife wound in his leg. 他腿上有刀傷。
He has several wounds in his arm. 他胳膊上有幾處傷口。
⑤ spoil意為“損害,損壞,破壞”,指原來的質(zhì)量、結(jié)構(gòu)、安排、打算等遭到損害、破壞,而使某物無用或令人不能滿意。
She spoiled the soup with too much salt. 她放鹽過多,把湯給弄糟了。
Rain spoiled the outing. 下雨壞了這次出游。