① hope表示“希望”,是對(duì)未來(lái)的一種主觀愿望,并有信心實(shí)現(xiàn)這種愿望。hope用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),可以是及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞,常用搭配有:①hope+不定式,②hope for sth.,③hope+that從句,④It is hoped+that從句。注意,不可以說(shuō)hope sb. to do sth.。
Hope for the best,prepare for the worst. 抱最好的希望,作最壞的準(zhǔn)備。
It is hoped that they will win the match. 大家都希望他們能贏這場(chǎng)比賽。
比較
I hope you to go there.
I hope that you will go there.
我希望你去那里。
我希望你在晚會(huì)上玩得愉快。
I hope you enjoy yourself at the party.(眼下)
I hope you will enjoy yourself at the party.(未來(lái))
② wish表示“想要,渴望,但愿”,僅是個(gè)人的一種愿望而已,通常指某種難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。結(jié)構(gòu)為:
wish to do sth.
wish sb. to do sth.
wish for sth.
wish sb./sth.+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
I wish to go to college. 我想要上大學(xué)。
I wish you to stay here. 我希望你留在這里。
The farmers wished for rain. 農(nóng)民盼望下雨。
I wish everybody happy. 我希望人人幸福。
I wish the work done this month. 我希望這個(gè)月做完這項(xiàng)工作。
提示
①wish表示“祝愿”時(shí),后跟雙賓語(yǔ)。
I wish you good luck. 祝你好運(yùn)。
②wish后可以跟賓語(yǔ)從句,但從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;表示現(xiàn)在的愿望,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí);表示過(guò)去的愿望,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
I wish I were a cloud. 但愿我是一片云。
I wish I could fly. 我要是會(huì)飛該多好。
I wish I had never written the letter. 但愿我沒有寫那封信。
③ expect表示“期待,盼望”,指懷著渴望和信心期盼著人或事,結(jié)構(gòu)為:
expect to do sth.
expect sb. to do sth.
expect sb.+副詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
expect+that從句
I am expecting a letter from her. 我在等她的來(lái)信。
I expect to read some books during the holiday. 我期望假期里能讀幾本書。
I expect her to return soon. 我期待她不久就回來(lái)。
He expected her in tonight. 他指望她今天晚上留在家里。
I expect that he will pass the exam. 我盼望他能通過(guò)考試。
④ expect還可以表示“預(yù)料,料想,估計(jì)”。
I never expect him to do that. 我從沒料到他會(huì)做那件事。
You have done better than I expected. 你做得比我原來(lái)預(yù)料的要好。
The cost is expected to be 1,000 dollars. 費(fèi)用估計(jì)為1 000美元。
提示
expect的賓語(yǔ)從句如果是否定式,要進(jìn)行“否定的轉(zhuǎn)移”,即否定主句,肯定從句。
I expect it won't snow.
I don't expect it will snow.
我料想天不會(huì)下雪。
⑤ look forward to也可表示“期待”,指的是以歡樂(lè)或焦急的心情期待著某事發(fā)生。
孩子們期待著去國(guó)外旅游。
The children are looking forward to travel abroad.
(look forward to中的to為介詞,后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞,不可跟不定式)
The children are looking forward to travelling abroad.